Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T17:11:28.407Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Raised Parental Age in Psychiatric Patients: Evidence for the Constitutional Hypothesis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

E. H. Hare
Affiliation:
The Maudsley Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ
P. A. P. Moran
Affiliation:
The Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600

Summary

In two series of psychiatric patients (numbering about 6,000 and 2,000 respectively), the mean age of the mothers at the time of the patients' birth was found to be very significantly above expectation from the general population, and this was so for each of the major diagnostic groups. In the second series, the age of the fathers was also found to be very significantly above that expected from a sample survey of the general population, and this was so for each diagnostic group. Fathers' age was raised more than mothers', and was highest for schizophrenia. The raised parental age could not be explained in terms of the patient's year of birth or his father's social class. The raised mothers' age could largely be accounted for by regression on the raised fathers' age. The present findings, and those of previous studies, seem best explained on the hypothesis of a constitutional parental trait leading to delayed marriage.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1979 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abe, K. & Moran, P. A. P. (1969) Parental age in homosexuals. British Journal of Psychiatry, 115, 313–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barry, H. (1945) Incidence of advanced maternal age in mothers of one thousand State Hospital patients. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 54, 186–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birtchnell, J. (1971) Social class, parental social class, and social mobility in psychiatric patients and general population controls. Psychological Medicine, 1, 209–21.Google Scholar
Birtchnell, J. (1972) Birth order and mental illness: a control study. Social Psychiatry, 7, 167–79.Google Scholar
Bojanovsky, J. & Gerylovova, A. (1967) Die Beziehung der Schizophrenic zum Alter der Eltern der Patienten. Der Nervenarzt, 38, 40–2.Google Scholar
Goodman, N. (1957) Relation between maternal age at parturition and incidence of mental disorder in the offspring. British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 11, 203–13.Google Scholar
Granville-Grossman, K. L. (1966) Parental age and schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 112, 899906.Google Scholar
Granville-Grossman, K. L. (1968) Maternal age and parental loss. British Journal of Psychiatry, 114, 242–3.Google Scholar
Gregory, I. (1959) An analysis of family data on 1,000 patients admitted to a Canadian mental hospital. Acta Genetica et Statistica Medica, 9, 5496.Google Scholar
Hare, E. H. & Price, J. S. (1970) Birth rank in schizophrenia: with a consideration of the bias due to changes in birth rate. British Journal of Psychiatry, 116, 409–20.Google Scholar
Hare, E. H. & Price, J. S. (1974) Birth order and birth rate bias: findings in a representative sample of the adult population of Great Britain. Journal of Biosocial Science, 6, 139–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hare, E. H., Price, J. S. & Slater, E. (1972) Parental social class in psychiatric patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 515–24.Google Scholar
Hare, E. H. & Walter, S. D. (1978) Seasonal variation in admissions of psychiatric patients: and its relation to seasonal variations in their births. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 32, 4752.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hare, E. H. & Moran, P. A. P. (1978a) Age at paternity in England and Wales. Journal of Biosocial Science (in press).Google Scholar
Hare, E. H. & Moran, P. A. P. (1978b) Parental age and birth order in homosexual patients: a replication of Slater's study. British Journal of Psychiatry (in press).Google Scholar
Johanson, E. (1958) A study of schizophrenia in the male. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 33, Supplement 125.Google Scholar
Kiernan, K. E. (1977) Age at puberty in relation to age at marriage and parenthood: a national longitudinal study. Annals of Human Biology, 4, 301–8.Google Scholar
Moran, P. A. P. (1968) Maternal age and parental loss. British Journal of Psychiatry, 114, 207–14.Google Scholar
Norton, A. (1952) Incidence of neurosis related to maternal age and birth order. British Journal of Social Medicine, 6, 253–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Ødegård, O. (1946) Marriage and mental disease: a study in social psychopathology. Journal of Mental Science, 92, 3559.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ødegård, O. (1953) New data on marriage and mental disease: the incidence of psychosis in the widowed and the divorced. Journal of Mental Science, 99, 778–85.Google Scholar
Ødegård, O. (1963) The psychiatric disease entities in the light of a genetic investigation. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 39, Supplement 169, p. 94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollack, M., Woener, M. G., Goldberg, P. & Klein, D. F. (1969) Siblings of schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic psychiatric patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 20, 652–8.Google Scholar
Price, J. S., Slater, E. & Hare, E. H. (1971) Marital status of first admissions to psychiatric beds in England and Wales in 1965 and 1966. Social Biology, 18, Supplement S7494.Google Scholar
Registrar General (1938) Decennial Supplement, England and Wales 1931. Part II (a), p. 361. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Registrar General (1949) Statistical Review of England and Wales for the years 1940–45. Part II, p. 107. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Registrar General (1953) Decennial Supplement, England and Wales 1931. Part II (b) Tables B and C. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Registrar General (1954) Statistical Review of England and Wales for the years 1946–50, Text, civil, p. 218. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Slater, Eliot (1962) Birth order and maternal age of homosexuals. Lancet, i, 6971.Google Scholar
Slater, Eliot, Hare, E. H. & Price, J. S. (1971) Marriage and fertility of psychiatric patients compared with national data. Social Biology, 18, Supplement S6073.Google ScholarPubMed
Stevens, B. C. (1969) Marriage and Fertility of Woman Suffering from Schizophrenia or Affective Disorders. Maudsley Monograph No. 19. London: Oxford University Press.Google ScholarPubMed
Tsuang, M. T. (1966) Birth order and maternal age of psychiatric in-patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 112, 1131–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsuang, M. T. & Woolson, R. F. (1977) Mortality in patients with schizophrenia, mania, depression and surgical conditions. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 162–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.