Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T08:39:26.127Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Psychosocial Study of Depression in Early Pregnancy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Toshinori Kitamura ,
Masumi Sugawara ,
Kensuke Sugawara ,
Mari Aoki Toda  and
Satoru Shima
Toshinori Kitamura*
Affiliation:
National Institute of Mental Health, Ichikawa
Masumi Sugawara
Affiliation:
National Institute of Mental Health, Ichikawa
Kensuke Sugawara
Affiliation:
Edogawa University, Nagareyama
Mari Aoki Toda
Affiliation:
Hokkaido University of Education, Sapporo
Satoru Shima
Affiliation:
Tokyo Keizai University, Tokyo, Japan
*
Toshinori Kitamura, Department of Sociocultural Environmental Research, National Institute of Mental Health, NCNP, 1–7–3 Konodai, Ichikawa, 272 Japan
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

The psychosocial correlates of depression during pregnancy were explored.

Method

Pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of a general hospital (n=1329) received a set of questionnaires including Zung's Self-Rating Depression Score (SDS). SDS high scorers (>49) (the cases: n=179) were compared with low scorers (<38) (the controls; n=343).

Results

The cases were characterised by: first delivery; more nausea, vomiting, and anorexia; more menstrual pains and premenstrual irritability; early paternal loss; lower maternal care and higher paternal overprotection; higher public self-consciousness score; more smoking and use of medication in pregnancy; unwanted pregnancy; negative psychological response to the pregnancy by the woman and husband; poor intimacy by the husband; and having remarried.

Conclusions

Depression in early pregnancy is determined mainly by psychosocial factors.

Type
Papers
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 168 , Issue 6 , June 1996 , pp. 732 - 738
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aderibigbe, Y. A., Gureje, O. & Omigbodun, O. (1993) Postnatal emotional disorders in Nigerian women: a study of antecedents and associations. British Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 645–650.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, G. W., Harris, T. & Copeland, J. R. (1977) Depression and loss. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 1–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, E. A. (1988) Neurotic disturbance in pregnancy – a review. Psychiatric Developments, 6, 311–328.Google Scholar
Cooper, P. J., Campbell, E. A., Day, A., et al (1988) Non-psychotic psychiatric disorder after childbirth: a prospective study of prevalence, incidence, course and nature. British Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 799–806.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cox, J. L. (1979) Psychiatric morbidity and pregnancy: a controlled study of 263 semi-rural Ugandan women. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 401–405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cox, J. L. Connor, Y. & Kendell, R. E. (1982) Prospective study of the psychiatric disorders of childbirth. British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 111–117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisemann, M. (1985) Depressed patients and non-psychiatric controls: Discriminant analysis on social environment variables. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 71, 495–498.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisemann, M. Perris, C., Perris, H., et al (1984) Perceived parental rearing practices in depressed patients in relation to social class. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 70, 568–572.Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. & Eysenck, S. G. B. (1975) Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. London: Hodder & Stoughton.Google Scholar
Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F. & Buss, A. H. (1975) Public and private self-consciousness: assessment and theory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43, 522–527.Google Scholar
Graze, K. K., Nee, J. & Endicott, J. (1990) Premenstrual depression predicts future major disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 81, 201–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenblatt, M., Becerra, R. M. & Serafetinides, E. A. (1982) Social network and mental health: an overview. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 977–984.Google Scholar
Hallstrom, T. (1986) Social origins of major depression: the role of provoking agents and vulnerability factors. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 73, 383–389.Google Scholar
Kitamura, T., Shima, S., Sugawara, M., et al (1993) Psychological and social correlates of the onset of affective disorders among pregnant women. Psychological Medicine, 23, 967–975.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kitamura, T., & Suzuki, T. (1993) A validity study of the Parental Bonding Instrument in a Japanese population. Japanese Journal of Psychiatry and Neurology, 47, 29–36.Google Scholar
Kitamura, T., Shima, S., Sugawara, M., et al (1994) Temporal variation of validity of self-rating questionnaires; repeated use of the General Health Questionnaire and Zung's Self-Relating Depression Scale among women during antenatal and postnatal periods. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 90, 446–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumar, R. (1982) Neurotic disorders in childbearing women. In Motherhood and Mental Illness (eds Brockington, I. F. and Kumar, R.), pp. 71–118. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Kumar, R. & Robson, K. M. (1984) A prospective study of emotional disorders in childbearing women. British Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 35–48.Google Scholar
Lloyd, C. (1980) Life events and depressive disorder reviewed I: Events as predisposing factors. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 529–535.Google Scholar
Martin, C. J., Brown, G. W., Goldberg, D. P., et al (1989) Psychosocial stress and puerperal depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 16, 283–293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matussek, P. & Wiegand, M. (1985) Partnership problems as causes of endogenous and neurotic depressions. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 71, 95–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Hara, M. W. (1986) Social support, life events, and depression during pregnancy and the puerperium. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43, 569–576.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parker, G. (1979) Parental characteristics in relation to depressive disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 138–147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parker, G. (1981) Parental reports of depressives: an investigation of several explanations. Journal of Affective Disorders, 3, 131–140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parker, G. (1983) Parental ‘affectionless control’ as an antecedent to adult depression: A risk factor delineated. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 956–960.Google Scholar
Parker, G., Tupling, H. & Brown, L. B. (1979) A parental bonding instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 52, 1–10.Google Scholar
Paykel, E. S. (1982) Life events and early environment. In Handbook of Affective Disorders (ed. Paykel, E. S.), pp. 146–161. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Google Scholar
Sharp, D. J. (1988) Validity of the 30-item General Health Questionnaire in early pregnancy. Psychological Medicine, 18, 503–507.Google Scholar
Singh, D. (1993) Adaptive significance of female physical attractiveness: role of waist-to-hip ratio. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 293–307.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J. & Robins, E. (1978) Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for a Selected Group of Functional Disorders. New York: Biometric Research New York State Psychiatric Insitute Google Scholar
SPSS Inc. (1986) SPSS User's Guide (2nd edn). Chicago: SPSS Inc.Google Scholar
Sugawara, K. (1984) An attempt to construct the self-consciousness scale for Japanese. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 55, 184–188. (In Japanese)Google Scholar
Waring, E. M. & Patton, D. (1984) Marital intimacy and depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 645–648.Google Scholar
Watson, J. P., Elliott, S. A., Rugg, A. J., et al (1984) Psychiatric disorder in pregnancy and the first postnatal year. British Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 453–462.Google Scholar
Zajicek, E. (1981) Psychiatric problems during pregnancy. In Pregnancy: A Psychological and Social Study (eds Woking, S. & Zajicek, E.), pp. 57–73. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Zung, W. W. K. (1965) A self-rating depression scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12, 63–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.