Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T21:10:12.907Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Prognostic Implications of the Sex of Schizophrenic Patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

Raimo Salokangas*
Affiliation:
The Psychiatric Clinic of Turku, Kurjenmäentie 4, SF–20700 Turku 70, Finland

Summary

In two follow-up studies of a total of 175 patients, carried out approximately eight years after first hospitalization, men were under hospital care more often and for more prolonged periods than women, but used outpatient services less. At the end there were only small differences in clinical condition between the sexes, but social condition, as depicted by social adjustment, psychosexual situation and work adjustment, was clearly poorer in men than in women. This was perhaps a reflection of the men's poorer premorbid psychosocial development and social role. The differences between the sexes in the prognosis for schizophrenia are considered.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © 1983 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Achté, K. A. (1961) Der Verlauf der Schizophrenien und der schizophreniformen Psychosen. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Suppl. 155.Google Scholar
Achté, K. A. (1967) Skitsofrenian prognoosi ja kuntoutus. (English summary: On prognosis and rehabilitation in schizophrenia and non-schizophrenic paranoid psychoses). Kansaneläkelaitoksen julkaisuja, Sarja A 2 (Helsinki). Google Scholar
Affleck, J. W., Burns, J. & Forrest, A. D. (1976) Long-term follow-up of schizophrenic patients in Edinburgh. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 53, 227–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alanen, Y. O. (1968) From the mothers of schizophrenic patients to interactional family dynamics. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 6, (Supp. 1), 201–12.Google Scholar
Alanen, Y. O. (1980) In search of the interactional origin of schizophrenia. In The Family: Evaluation and Treatment (eds. C. Hofling and J. Lewis). New York: Brunner/Mazel.Google Scholar
Bland, R. C. & Orn, H. (1978) 14-year outcome in early schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 58, 327–38.Google Scholar
Bleuler, E. (1911) Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias. Translated by H. Zinkin, 1950. New York: International Universities Press.Google Scholar
Bleuler, M. (1972) Die schizophrenen Geistesstörungen im Lichte langjährigen Kranken– und Familiengeschichten. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme.Google Scholar
Brown, G. W., Bone, M., Dalison, B. & Wing, J. K. Schizophrenia and Social Care. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ciompi, L. & Müller, C. H. (1976) Lebensweg und Alter der Schizophrenen. Eine katamnestische Langzeitstudie bis ins Senium. Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ciompi, L. (1980) The natural history of schizophrenia in the long term. British Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 413–20.Google Scholar
Elosuo, R. (1967) On the rehabilitation of schizophrenics. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 43, 169–95.Google Scholar
Hoch, P. H. & Polatin, P. (1949) Pseudoneurotic forms of schizophrenia. Psychiatric Quarterly, 23, 248–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Langfeldt, G. (1937) Prognosis in schizophrenia and factors influencing the course of the disease. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Suppl. 13.Google Scholar
Langfeldt, G. (1969) Schizophrenia: Diagnosis and prognosis. Behavioral Science, 14, 173–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lassenius, B., Ottosson, J.-O. & Rapp, W. (1973) Prognosis in schizophrenia: The need for institutionalized care. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 49, 294305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindelius, R. (1970) A study of schizophrenia: A clinical, prognostic and family investigation. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Suppl. 216.Google Scholar
Lo, W. H. & Lo, T. (1977) A ten-year follow-up study of Chinese schizophrenics in Hong Kong. British Journal of Psychiatry, 131, 63–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nyman, A. K. (1978) Non-regressive schizophrenia: Clinical course and outcome. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Suppl. 272.Google Scholar
Räkköläinen, V., Salokangas, R. K. R. & Lehtinen, P. (1979) Protective constructions in the course of psychosis: A follow-up study. in Psychotherapy of Schizophrenia (ed. C. Müller). International Congress No. 464. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica.Google Scholar
Salokangas, R. K. R. (1977) Skitsofreniaan sairastuneiden psykososiaalinen kehitys. (English summary: The psychosocial development of schizophrenic patients). Kansaneläkelaitoksen julkaisuja AL 7 (Turku). Google Scholar
Salokangas, R. K. R. (1978) Psychosocial prognosis in schizophrenia. Formation of the prognosis for schizophrenic patients: a multivariate analysis. Annates Universitatis Turkuensis Sen. D 9 (Turku). Google Scholar
Salokangas, R. K. R. (1980a) Skitsofreniasta ja sen hoidosta ennuste—ja hoitotutkimusten valossa. (On schizophrenia and its treatment in the light of outcome and treatment studies). Paper read at the meeting of the Finnish Psychiatric Association on 26 September 1980 in Turku. Sosiaalilāāketieteellinen Aikakauslehti, 19(1), 2739.Google Scholar
Salokangas, R. K. R. (1980b) Hospital and outpatient care for psychotic patients during the last three decades. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 62, 4762.Google Scholar
Salokangas, R. K. R., Räkköläinen, V. & Lehtinen, P. (1980) The psychiatric treatment system as an adaptational protective structure: A study of dependency in the treatment behaviour of schizophrenic patients. Psychiatria Fennica, 99109.Google Scholar
Strauss, J. & Carpenter, W. T. (1974) The prediction of outcome in schizophrenia. II. Relationships between predictor and outcome variables. A report from the WHO international pilot study of schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 31, 3742.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suominen, J. (1975) Psykoosit pitkaaikaisen työkyvyttömyyden aiheuttajina Suomessa. (English summary: Psychoses as a cause of prolonged disability in Finland). Kansaneläkelaitoksen julkaisuja AL 5 (Helsinki).Google Scholar
Wing, J. K. & Brown, G. W. (1970) Institutionalism and Schizophrenia. London: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Health Organisation (1979) Schizophrenia: An International Follow-up Study. Chichester: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.