Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T05:09:09.733Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Perinatal Complications in Offspring of Psychotic Parents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

Gretty Mizrahi Mirdal
Affiliation:
Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Njalsgade 90, 2300 Copenhagen S
David Rosenthal
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Psychology, Dept of Health, Education and Welfare, National Institute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20014
Paul H. Wender
Affiliation:
University of Utah, Medical Center, 50 North Medical Dr, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132
Fini Schulsinger
Affiliation:
Municipal Hospital, Ø. Farimagsgade, 1353 Copenhagen K.

Summary

The birth records of 78 subjects born to psychotic parents and 72 subjects born to normal parents were studied.

No significant differences in the rates of pregnancy and birth complications (PBCs) were found between the offspring of psychotic parents and normal control parents. There were no differences between offspring born to psychotic mothers compared to psychotic fathers. Neither the onset of the parent's illness, nor the mother's age at delivery, nor the sex of the offspring seemed to influence the rate of PBCs. The offspring of chronic schizophrenic mothers and manic-depressive fathers had lower PBC rates than the offspring of parents of other diagnostic categories. The parents of these two groups, which were of a limited size, did not differ on any variable of significance, excepting the time of their first psychiatric hospital admission.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1977 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrahamson, J. H., Singh, A. R. & Mbambo, V. (1961) Antenatal stress and the baby's development. Arch. Dis. Childh., 36, 42–9.Google Scholar
Barry, H. (1947) Abnormally large birth weights of psychiatric patients. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat., 57, 98101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bayley, N. (1969) Bayley Scales of Infant Development. New York: The Psychological Corporation.Google Scholar
Bender, L. & Faretra, G. (1961) Pregnancy and birth histories of children with psychiatric problems. Proc. 3rd World Congress Psychiatry, 2, 1329–33.Google Scholar
Blau, M. P., Slaff, B., Easton, K., Welkowitz, J., Springarn, J. & Cohen, J. (1963) The psychogenic etiology of premature births. Psychosom. Med., 25, 201–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brazelton, T. B. (1973) Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, No. 50. London: Heinemann Medical Books.Google Scholar
Cattell, P. (1940) The Measurement of Intelligence of Infants and Young Children. New York: Psychological Corporation.Google Scholar
Davids, A., DeVault, S. & Talmadge, M. (1961) Anxiety, pregnancy and childbirth abnormalities. J. cons. Psychol., 25, 74–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gesell, A. & Amatruda, C. S. (1941) Developmental Diagnosis. New York: Hoeber.Google Scholar
Gittelman, M. & Birch, H. G. (1967) Childhood schizophrenia: Intellect, neurological status, perinatal risk, prognosis, family pathology. Arch. gen. Psychiat., 17, 1625.Google Scholar
Gottesman, I. I. & Shields, J. (1972) Schizophrenia and Genetics: A Twin Study Vantage Point. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Griffiths, R. (1954) The Abilities of Babies. London: University of London Press.Google Scholar
Grimm, E. R. (1961) Psychological tension in pregnancy. Psychosom. Med., 23, 520–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hanson, D. R., Gottesman, I. I. & Heston, L. L. (1976) Some possible childhood indicators of adult schizophrenia inferred from children of schizophrenics. Brit. J. Psychiat., 129, 142–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kallmann, F. J. (1953) Heredity in Health and Mental Disorder. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Lane, E. A. & Albee, C. W. (1964) Early childhood intellectual differences between schizophrenics and their siblings. J. abnorm. soc. Psychol., 68, 193–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNeil, T. F., Wiegerink, R. & Dozier, J. E. (1970) Pregnancy and birth complications in the births of seriously, moderately and mildly behaviorally disturbed children. J. nerv. ment. Dis., 151, 2434.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNeil, T. F. & Kaij, L. (1973) Obstetric complications and physical size of offspring of schizophrenic, schizophrenic-like and control mothers. Brit. J. Psychiat., 123, 341–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mednick, S. A., Mura, E., Schulsinger, F. & Mednick, B. (1971) Perinatal conditions and infant development in children with schizophrenic parents. Soc. Biol., 18, 103–13.Google Scholar
Mednick, S. A., Mura, E., Schulsinger, F. & Mednick, B. (1973) Erratum and further analysis—perinatal conditions and infant development in children with schizophrenic parents. Soc. Biol., 20, 111–12.Google Scholar
Mirdal, G. K. M., Mednick, S. A., Schulsinger, F. & Fuchs, F. (1974) Perinatal complications in children of schizophrenic mothers. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 50, 553–68.Google ScholarPubMed
Osterkamp, A. & Sands, D. (1962) Early feeding and birth difficulties in childhood schizophrenia: A brief study. Genet. Psychol. Monogr., 101, 363–6.Google ScholarPubMed
Paffenberger, R. S. Jr, Steinmetz, C. H., Pooler, B. G. & Hyde, R. T. (1961) The picture puzzle of the postpartum psychosis. Psychiatry, 13, 161–73.Google Scholar
Pollack, M. & Woerner, G. M. (1966) Pre- and perinatal complications and ‘childhood schizophrenia’: a comparison of five controlled studies. J. Child. Psychol., 7, 235–47.Google Scholar
Pollin, W. & Stabenau, J. R. (1968) Biological, psychological and historical differences in a scries of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. In The Transmission of Schizophrenia (eds Rosenthal, D. and Kety, S. S.). London: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Rieder, R. O., Rosenthal, D., Wender, P. & Blumenthal, H. (1975) The offspring of schizophrenics. Fetal and neonatal deaths. Arch. gen. Psychiat., 32, 200–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenthal, D. (1970) Genetic Theory and Abnormal Behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, D. & Kety, S. S. (eds) (1968) The Transmission of Schizophrenia. London: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Rutt, C. N. & Offord, D. R. (1971) Prenatal and perinatal complications in childhood schizophrenics and their siblings. J. new. ment. Dis., 152, 324–31.Google ScholarPubMed
Sameroff, S.J. & Zax, M. (1973) Perinatal characteristics of the offspring of schizophrenic women. J. new. ment. Dis., 157, 191–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Soichet, S. (1959) Emotional factors in toxemia of pregnancy. Amer. J. Obst. Gyn., 77, 1065–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sontag, L. W. (1941) The significance of fetal environmental differences. Amer. J. Obstet. Gyn., 42, 9961003.Google Scholar
Sontag, L. W. (1962) Implications of fetal behavior and environment for adult personalities. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 128, 782–6.Google Scholar
Stott, D. H. (1957) Physical and mental handicaps following a disturbed pregnancy. Lancet, ii, 1006–12.Google Scholar
Svalastoga, K. (1959) Prestige, Class and Mobility. Copenhagen: Scandinavian University Books.Google Scholar
Vorster, D. (1960) An investigation of the part played by organic factors in childhood schizophrenia. J. ment. Sci., 106, 494522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittam, H., Simon, G. B. & Mittler, P.J. (1966) The early development of psychotic children and their sibs. Deo. Med. Child Neurol., 8, 522–60.Google Scholar
Wiedorn, W. S. (1954) Toxemia of pregnancy and schizophrenia. J. neur. ment. Dis., 120, 19.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.