Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T02:23:06.376Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Patients as parents: the risk to children

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2018

Margaret Oates*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH

Extract

Traditionally adult psychiatrists have been more concerned with their patient's family of origin than with the family of procreation. When considering the management of the seriously mentally ill, the family is regarded as a potential source of stress or care, and little attention is given to the role of the patient as a parent (Rutter, 1966; Bennett, 1996). This position is exemplified by the absence of questions relating to childcare on the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS; Wing et al, 1995). This scale is likely to be widely used in the Care Programme Approach in England and Wales as an indicator of illness severity and outcome. Such questions should include the effect of the illness and disability on the physical and emotional development of the child, and the patients' ability to manage the responsibilities of childcare.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Appleby, L. & Dickens, C. (1993) Mothering skills of women with mental illness. British Medical Journal, 306, 348349.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baldwin, J. & Oliver, J. E. (1975) Epidemiology and family characteristics of severely abused children. British Journal of Social and Preventative Medicine, 29, 205221.Google ScholarPubMed
Bennet, D. (1996) Foreword. In Parental Psychiatric Disorder (eds M. Göpfert, J. Webster & M. Seeman), pp. xixxx. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cameron, J. M., Johnson, H. & Caps, F. E. (1966) The battered child syndrome. Medicine, Science and the Law, 6, 221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooper, P. J., Campbell, E. A., Day, A., et al (1988) Non-psychotic psychiatric disorder after childbirth: a prospective study of prevalence, incidence, course and nature. British Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 799806.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cox, J. L., Connor, Y. M. & Kendell, R. E. (1982) Prospective study of psychiatric disorders of childbirth. British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 111117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cox, J. L., Murray, D. & Chapman, G. (1993) A controlled study of the onset, prevalence and duration of postnatal depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 2731.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Creighton, S.J. (1984) Trends in Child Abuse 1977–82. London: NSPCC.Google Scholar
Davies, A., Mclvor, R. I. & Kumar, R. (1995) Impact of childbirth on a series of schizophrenic mothers: a comment on the possible influence of oestrogen on schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 16, 2531.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Department of Health (1989) Introduction to the Children's Act (1989). London: HMSO.Google Scholar
D'Orban, P.T. (1979) Women who kill their children. British Journal of Psychiatry 134, 560571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Falcov, A. (1996) Fatal Child Abuse and Parental Psychiatric Disorder. Working Together Part 8 Reports. Department of Health ACPC Series, no. I. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Gibson, E. (1975) Homicide in England and Wales 1967–71. Home Office Research Study No. 31. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Giovannoni, J. M. & Beccera, R. M. (1979) Defining Child Abuse. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Greenland, C. (1987) CAN deaths in the USA: epidemiological study. CAN deaths in the UK: children at risk. In Preventing CAN deaths: An International Study of Deaths Due to Child Abuse and Neglect, pp. 2231, 73–94. London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Harder, D.W. (1980) Child competence and psychiatric risk relationships of parent, diagnostic classification and parent psychopathology: severity to child functioning. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 186, 343347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawton, K., Roberts, J. & Goodwin, G. (1985) The risk of child abuse among mothers who attempt suicide. British journal of Psychiatry, 146, 486489.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iddamalagoda, K. & Naish, J. (1993) “Nobody Cared About Me”. Unmet Need among Children in West Lambeth whose Parents are Mentally III. London: West Lambeth Community Health Trust.Google Scholar
Kadrmas, A. & Winokur, G. (1979) Postpartum mania. British Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 551554.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kendell, R. E., et al (1976) The influence of childbirth on psychiatric morbidity. Psychological Medicine, 6, 297307.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kendell, R. E., Chalmers, L. & Platz, C. (1987) The epidemiology of puerperal psychoses. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 662673.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kumar, R. & Hipwell, A. (1994) Implications for the infant of maternal puerperal psychiatric disorders. In Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (3rd edn) (eds M. Rutter, L. Hersov & E. Taylor), pp. 759775. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Kumar, R., Marks, M., Platz, C., et al (1995) Clinical survey of a psychiatric mother and baby unit: character study of 100 consecutive admissions, Journal of Affective Disorders, 33, 1122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lane, A., Mulvany, M., Kinsella, A., et al (1992) Evidence for increased fertility in married male schizophrenics. Schizophrenia Research, 6, 94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marks, M. & Kumar, R. (1993) Infanticide in England and Wales. Medicine, Science and the Law, 33, 4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marks, M., Wieck, A., Checkley, S., et al (1992) Contribution of psychological and social factors to psychotic and non-psychotic relapse after childbirth in women with previous histories of affective disorder. Journal of Affective Disorder, 29, 253264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, L. (1992) The impact of post natal depression on infant development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, 543562.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newson, J. E. (1965) Patterns of Infant Care in an Urban Community. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Oates, M. R. (1979) A classification of child abuse and its relation to treatment and prognosis. Child Abuse and Neglect, 33, 907917.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oates, M. R. (1988) The development of an integrated community oriented service for severe postnatal mental illness. In Motherhood and Mental Illness, vol. 2 (eds R. Kumar & I. Brockington). London: Wright.Google Scholar
Oates, M. R. (1989) Management of major mental illness in pregnancy and the puerperium. In Psychological Aspects of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Baillière's Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vol. 3, pp. 905920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oates, M. R. (1994) Postnatal mental illness: organisation and function of services. In Perinatal Psychiatry: Use and Misuse of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (eds J. Cox & J. Holden), pp. 833. London: Gaskell.Google Scholar
Payne, A. (1995) Infanticide and child abuse. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 6, 472476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Royal College of Psychiatrists (1994) A Preliminary Report on Homicide. London: Steering Committee of the Confidential Inquiry into Homicides & Suicides by Mentally III People.Google Scholar
Rutter, M. (1966) Children of Sick Parents. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rutter, M. & Quinton, D. (1984) Parental psychiatric disorder: effects on children. Psychological Medicine, 14, 853880.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seeman, M. (1996) The mother with schizophrenia. In Parental Psychiatric Disorder (eds M.Göpfert, J. Webster & M. Seeman), pp. 190200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Scott, P. D. (1973) Parents who kill their children. Medicine, Science and the Law, 13, 120126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sharp, D., Hay, D., Pawlby, S., et al (1995) The impact of postnatal depression on boys’ intellectual development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, 13151336.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M. & Hanson, R. (1974) 134 battered children: a medical and psychological study. British Medical Journal, 5932, 666670.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. M., Hanson, R. & Noble, S. (1973) Parents of battered babies: a controlled study. British Medical Journal, 5889, 388391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, D. E., Klompenhouwer, J. E., Kendell, R. E., et al (1991) Prophylactic lithium in puerperal psychosis: the experience of three centres. British Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 4652.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, C. G., Norman, J., Murphy, M., et al (1991) Diagnosed intellectual and emotional impairment among parents who seriously mistreat their children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 15, 389401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wieck, A., Kumar, R. & Hirst, A. D. (1991) Increased sensitivity of dopamine receptors and recurrence of affective psychosis after childbirth. British Medical Journal, 303, 613616.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wing, J., Beavor, A. S., Curtis, R. H., et al (1995) HoNOS: Health of the Nation Outcome Scale. Royal College of Psychiatrists’ Research Unit Report.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.