Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T21:12:35.899Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

On Moral Judgements and Personality Disorders

The Myth of Psychopathic Personality Revisited

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Ronald Blackburn*
Affiliation:
Park Lane Hospital, Park Lane, Maghull, Liverpool L31 1HW

Extract

Psychopathic personality has always been a contentious concept, but it continues to be used in clinical practice and research. It also has its contemporary synonyms in the categories of antisocial personality disorder in DSM–III (American Psychiatric Association, 1980) and “personality disorder with predominantly asocial or sociopathic manifestations” in ICD–9 (World Health Organization, 1978), and some overlap between these and the legal category of psychopathic disorder identified in the English Mental Health Act 1983 is commonly assumed. Although the literal meaning of ‘psychopathic’ is nothing more specific than psychologically damaged, the term has long since been transmogrified to mean socially damaging, and as currently used, it implies a specific category of people inherently committed to antisocial behaviour as a consequence of personal abnormalities or deficiencies.

Type
Lecture
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1988 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (1952) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (1st edn) (DSM–I). Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edn) (DSM–III), Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
Anderson, E. W. (1959) Preface In Clinical Psychopathology. (5th edn) (ed. Schneider, K.). New York: Grune & Stratton.Google Scholar
Blackburn, R. (1975) An empirical classification of psychopathic personality. British Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 456460.Google Scholar
Blackburn, R. (1979) Cortical and autonomic arousal in primary and secondary psychopaths. Psychophysiology, 16, 143150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blackburn, R. (1983a) Psychopathy, delinquency and crime In Physiological Correlates of Human Behaviour (eds Gale, A. & Edwards, J.). London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Blackburn, R. (1983b) Are personality disorders treatable? In Mental Disorder and the Law: Effects of the New Legislation. Issues in Crimonological and Legal Psychology, No. 4 (eds Shapland, J. & Williams, T.). Leicester: British Psychological Society.Google Scholar
Blackburn, R. (1986) Patterns of personality deviation among violent offenders: replication and extension of an empirical taxonomy. British Journal of Criminology, 26, 254269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackburn, R. & Maybury, C. (1985) Identifying the psychopath: the relation of Cleckley's criteria to the interpersonal domain. Personality and Individual Differences, 6, 375386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blashfield, R. K. & Draguns, J. G. (1976) Evaluative criteria for psychiatric classification. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85, 140150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carson, R. C. (1970) Interaction Concepts of Personality. London: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Cleckley, H. (1976) The Mask of Sanity (6th edn). St Louis: Mosby.Google Scholar
Foulds, G. A. (1965) Personality and Personal Illness. London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Foulds, G. A. (1971) Personality deviance and personal symptomatology. Psychological Medicine, 1, 222233.Google Scholar
Hare, R. D. (1980) A research scale for the assessment of psychopathy in criminal populations. Personality and Individual Differences, 1, 111119.Google Scholar
Hare, R. D. (1983) Diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder in two prison populations. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 887890.Google ScholarPubMed
Hare, R. D. (1985) A comparison of procedures for the assessment of psychopathy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 716.Google Scholar
Hare, R. D. (1986) Twenty years of experience with the Cleckley psychopath In Unmasking the Psychopath: Antisocial Personality and Related Syndromes (eds Reid, W. H., Dorr, D., Walker, J. & Bonner, J. W.). New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Henderson, D. (1955) The classification and treatment of psychopathic states. British Journal of Delinquency, 6, 514.Google Scholar
Henderson, M. (1982) An empirical classification of convicted violent offenders. British Journal of Criminology, 22, 120.Google Scholar
Home Office/Department of Health and Social Security. (1975) Report of the Committee on Abnormal Offenders. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Karpman, B. (1948) The myth of the psychopathic personality. American Journal of Psychiatry, 104, 523534.Google Scholar
Khantzian, E. J. & Treece, C. (1985) DSM–III psychiatric diagnosis of narcotic addicts: recent findings. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 10671071.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koch, J. L. (1891) Die Psychopathischen Minderwertigkeiten. Ravensburg: Maier.Google Scholar
Kosten, T. R., Rounsaville, B. J. & Kleber, H. D. (1982) DSM–III personality disorders in opiate addicts. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 23, 572581.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kraepelin, E. (1904) Psychiatrie: Ein Lehrbuch (7th edn). Leipzig: Barth.Google Scholar
Lykken, D. T. (1957) A study of anxiety in the sociopathic personality. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 55, 610.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maughs, S. (1941) A concept of psychopathy and psychopathic personality: its evolution and historical development. Journal of Criminal Psychopathology, 2, 329356.Google Scholar
Mayer-Gross, W., Slater, E. & Roth, M. (1969) Clinical Psychiatry (3rd edn). London: Baillière Tindall & Cassell.Google Scholar
McGurk, B. (1978) Personality types among normal homicides. British Journal of Criminology, 18, 146161.Google Scholar
McLemore, C. W. & Benjamin, L. S. (1979) Whatever happened to interpersonal diagnosis? A psychosocial alternative to DSM–III. American Psychologist, 34, 1734.Google Scholar
McManus, M., Alessi, N. E., Grapentine, W. L. & Brickman, A. (1984) Psychiatric disturbance in serious delinquents. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 23, 602615.Google Scholar
Millon, T. (1981) Disorders of Personality: DSM–III, Axis II. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Millon, T. (1983) Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (3rd edn). Minneapolis: Interpretive Scoring Systems.Google Scholar
Partridge, G. E. (1930) Current conceptions of psychopathic personality. American Journal of Psychiatry, 10, 5399.Google Scholar
Pfohl, B., Coryell, W., Zimmerman, M. & Stangl, D. (1986) DSM–III personality disorders: diagnostic overlap and internal consistency of individual DSM–III criteria. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 27, 2134.Google Scholar
Pichot, P. (1978) Psychopathic behaviour: a historical overview In Psychopathic Behaviour: Approaches to Research (eds Hare, R. D. & Schalling, D. S.). Chichester: Wiley.Google Scholar
Presly, A. S. & Walton, H. J. (1973) Dimensions of abnormal personality. British Journal of Psychiatry, 122, 269276.Google Scholar
Quay, H. C. (1978) Classification. In Quay, H. C. & Werry, J. S. (eds). Psychopathological Disorders of Childhood (2nd edn) (eds Quay, H. C. & Werry, J. S.). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Raine, A. (1985) A psychometric assessment of Hare's Checklist for psychopathy on an English prison sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24, 247258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robins, L. N. (1966) Deviant Children Grown Up. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.Google Scholar
Schneider, K. (1950) Psychopathic Personalities (9th edn). (English translation, 1958) London: Cassell.Google Scholar
Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J. & Robins, E. (1978) Research diagnostic criteria. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 773782.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tyrer, P. & Alexander, J. (1979) Classification of personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 163167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaillant, G. E. (1975) Sociopathy as a human process: a viewpoint. Archives of General Psychiatry, 32, 178183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker, N. & McCabe, S. (1973) Crime and Insanity in England, vol. 2. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Watts, F. N. & Bennett, D. H. (1978) Social deviance in a day hospital. British Journal of Psychiatry, 132, 455462.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A. & Francis, A. (1985) The DSM–III personality disorders: perspectives from psychology. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 615623.Google Scholar
Widom, C. S. (1977) An empirical classification of female offenders. Criminal Justice and Behaviour, 5, 3552.Google Scholar
Wiggins, J. S. (1982) Circumplex models of interpersonal behaviour in clinical psychology In Handbook of Research Methods in Clinical Psychology (eds Kendall, P. C. & Butcher, J. N.). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1967) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, 1965 revision (8th edn) (ICD–8). Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1978) Mental Disorders: Glossary and Guide to their Classification in Accordance with the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD–9). Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Wulach, J. (1983) Diagnosing the DSM–III antisocial personality disorder. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 14, 330340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.