Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T20:10:39.863Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys. XIV: Plasma Lipid Peroxide and Serum Vitamin E Levels in Patients with and Without Tardive Dyskinesia, and in Normal Subjects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Robin G. McCreadie ,
Elizabeth MacDonald ,
David Wiles ,
Graham Campbell  and
John R. Paterson
Robin G. McCreadie*
Affiliation:
Crichton Royal Hospital, Dumfries
Elizabeth MacDonald
Affiliation:
Crichton Royal Hospital, Dumfries
David Wiles
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Dumfries
Graham Campbell
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Dumfries
John R. Paterson
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Dumfries
*
Dr R. G. McCreadie, Director of Clinical Research, Crichton Royal Hospital, Dumfries DG1 4TG
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) may be mediated through free radical damage to neurons. Plasma lipid peroxide levels are a measure of radical damage to fats. Vitamin E is a free radical scavenger.

Method

One hundred and twenty-eight schizophrenic patients were examined for TD using the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale. Blood samples were taken to measure plasma lipid peroxide, serum vitamin E and cholesterol, and vitamin Exholesterol ratios. Twenty-four patients were also examined in October 1993, January 1994, and April 1994. Biochemical results were compared in 81 patients and 79 normal subjects.

Results

Patients with and without TD did not differ in median plasma lipid peroxide and serum vitamin E levels, or vitamin Exholesterol ratios. Correlations between seasonal change scores in TD and biochemical measurements were low. Lipid peroxide levels were higher and vitamin Exholesterol ratios lower in patients than in normal subjects. Vitamin E levels were lowest in in-patients and in those living in supported accommodation.

Conclusions

The results do not support the hypothesis that TD is mediated through free radical damage to neurons, but suggest increased free radical activity in schizophrenia.

Type
Papers
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 167 , Issue 5 , November 1995 , pp. 610 - 617
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edn, revised) (DSM–III–R). Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
Cadet, J. L. & Lohr, J. B. (1987) Free radicals and the developmental pathobiology of schizophrenic burnout. Integrated Psychiatry, 5, 40–48.Google Scholar
Catignani, G. L. & Bieri, J. G. (1983) Simultaneous determination of retinol and alpha-tocopherol in serum or plasma by liquid chromatography. Clinical Chemistry, 29, 708–712.Google Scholar
Chignell, C. F., Motten, A. G. & Buettner, G. R. (1985) Photo-induced free radicals from chlorpromazine and related phenothiazines: relationship to phenothiazine-induced photosensitisation. Environmental Health Perspectives, 64, 103–110.Google Scholar
Cohen, G. (1984) Oxy-radical toxicity in catecholamine neurons. Neurotoxicology, 5, 77–82.Google Scholar
Gardos, G., Cole, J. O., Haskell, D., et al (1988) The natural history of tardive dyskinesia. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 8 (suppl. 4), 31S–37S.Google Scholar
Graham, D. G. (1978) Oxidation pathways for catecholamines in the genesis of neuromelanin and cytotoxic quinines. Molecular Pharmacology, 14, 633–643.Google Scholar
Gregory, J., Foster, K., Tyler, H., et al (1990) The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Harats, D., Ben-Naim, M., Dabach, Y., et al (1990) Effect of vitamin C and E supplementation on susceptibility of plasma lipoproteins to peroxidation induced by acute smoking. Atherosclerosis, 85, 47–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hense, H. W., Stender, M., Bors, W., et al (1993) Lack of an association between serum vitamin E and myocardial infarction in a population with high vitamin E levels. Atherosclerosis, 103, 21–28.Google Scholar
Leake, D. S. (1993) Oxidised low density lipoproteins and atherogenesis. British Heart Journal, 69, 476–478.Google Scholar
Lohr, J. B. (1991) Oxygen radicals and neuropsychiatric illness. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 1097–1106.Google Scholar
McCreadie, R. G. (1982) The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Survey I. Psychiatric and social handicaps. British Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 582–586.Google Scholar
Morgensen, P. B. & Juel, K. (1990) Mortality and causes of death in schizophrenic patients in Denmark. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 81, 372–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (1970) Classification of Occupations. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Panel on Dietary Referbnce Values of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (1991) Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Department of Health Report on Health and Social Subjects 41. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Peet, M., Laugharne, J., Rangarajan, N., et al (1993) Tardive dyskinesia, lipid peroxidation and sustained amelioration with vitamin E treatment. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 8, 151–153.Google Scholar
Phillips, M., Sabas, M. & Greenberg, J. (1993) Increased pentane and carbon disulfide in the breath of patients with schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 46, 861–864.Google Scholar
Prilipko, L. L. (1984) Activation of lipid peroxidation under stress and in schizophrenia. In New Research Strategies in Biological Psychiatry (eds Kemali, D., Morozov, P. V. & Toffano, G.), pp. 175–184. London: John Libbey.Google Scholar
Riemersma, R. A., Wood, D. A., MacIntyre, C. C. A., et al (1991) Risk of angina pectoris and plasma concentration of vitamin A, C and E and carotene. Lancet, 337, 1–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schooler, N. R. & Kane, J. M. (1982) Research diagnoses for tardive dyskinesia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, 486–487.Google Scholar
Stringer, M. D., Gorog, P. G., Freeman, A., et al (1989) Lipid peroxides and atherosclerosis. British Medical Journal, 298, 201–204.Google Scholar
US Department of Health, Education and Welfare (1976) Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS). In ECDEU Assessment Manual (ed. Guy, W.), pp. 534–537. Rockville: US Department of Health, Education and Welfare.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1978) Mental Disorders. Glossary and Guide to their Classification in Accordance with the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD–9). Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Young, I. S. & Trimble, E. R. (1991) Measurement of malondialdehyde in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 28, 504–508.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.