Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T16:49:03.787Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Mania in the elderly

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Kit Stone*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Central Manchester Health Authority, Manchester Royal Infirmary; currently Hope Hospital, Eccles Old Road, Salford M6 8HD

Abstract

A retrospective study of 92 patients admitted with mania, aged over 65 years of age, found that 26% had no prior history of affective illness; 30% had previously only experienced depression, and half of these had at least three episodes of depression before the first manic illness. Patients with a family history of affective disorders had a significantly earlier age of onset of illness. There was evidence of cerebral organic impairment in 24% of the patients, and this group had a significantly later age of onset of illness. Prognosis was good, with only 8% still in hospital at six months. Half of the patients were started on lithium prophylaxis, but this did not significantly alter the number of readmissions. A quarter of those started on lithium developed evidence of lithium toxicity.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1989 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Angst, J., Weis, P., Grof, P., et al (1970) Lithium prophylaxis in recurrent affective disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 46, 604613.Google Scholar
Baldwin, R. C. & Jolley, D. J. (1986) The prognosis of depression in old age. British Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 574583.Google Scholar
Baron, M., Mendelwicz, J. & Klotz, J. (1981) Age of onset and genetic transmission in affective disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 64, 373380.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blessed, G. & Wilson, I. D. (1982) The contemporary natural history of mental disorder in old age. British Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 5967.Google Scholar
Carlson, G. A., Davenport, Y. B. & Jamieson, K. (1977) A comparison of outcome in adolescent- and late-onset bipolar manic-depressive illness. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 919921.Google Scholar
Christie, A. B. (1982) Changing patterns in mental illness in the elderly. British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 154159.Google Scholar
Cohen, M. R. & Niska, R. W. (1980) Localised right cerebral hemisphere dysfunction and recurrent mania. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 847848.Google Scholar
Coid, J. & Strang, J. (1982) Mania secondary to procyclidine (Kemadrin) abuse. British Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 8183.Google Scholar
Coppen, A., Noguera, R. & Bailey, J. (1971) Prophylactic lithium in affective disorders: controlled trial. Lancet, ii, 275279.Google Scholar
Eagles, J. M. & Whalley, L. J. (1985) Ageing and affective disorders: the age at first onset of affective disorders in Scotland, 1969–1978. British Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 180187.Google Scholar
Feighner, J., Robins, E., Guze, S., et al (1972) Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research. Archives of General Psychiatry, 26, 5763.Google Scholar
Glaser, G. H. (1953) Psychotic reactions induced by corticotrophin (ACTH) and cortisone. Psychosomatic Medicine, 15, 280291.Google Scholar
Glassner, G. & Haldipur, C. V. (1983) Life events and early and late onset of bipolar disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 215217.Google Scholar
Himmelhoch, J. M., Neil, J. F., May, S. J., et al (1980) Age, dementia, dyskinesis, and lithium response. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 941945.Google Scholar
Hopkinson, G. (1964) A genetic study of affective illness in patients over fifty. British Journal of Psychiatry, 110, 244254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopkinson, G. & Ley, P. (1969) Genetic study of affective disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 115, 917922.Google Scholar
James, H. M. (1977) Early and late onset bipolar affective disorder: a genetic study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 34, 715717.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jamieson, R. C. & Wells, C. E. (1979) Manic psychosis in a patient with multiple metastatic brain tumours. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 40, 280283.Google Scholar
Kay, D. W. K., Roth, M. & Hopkins, B. (1955) Affective disorders arising in the senium-1. Their association with organic cerebral degeneration. Journal of Mental Science, 101, 302315.Google Scholar
Krauthammer, C. & Klermann, G. L. (1978) Secondary mania: manic syndromes associated with antecedent physical illness or drugs. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 13331338.Google Scholar
Loranger, A. W. & Levine, P. M. (1978) Age at onset of bipolar affective illness. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 13451348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murray, N., Hopwood, S., Balfour, D. J. K., et al (1983) The influence of age on lithium efficiency and side-effects in outpatients. Psychological Medicine, 13, 5360.Google Scholar
Oppler, W. (1950) Manic psychosis in a case of parasagittal meningioma. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 64, 417430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perris, C. (1966) A study of bipolar (manic depressive) and unipolar recurrent depressive psychosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 42, (suppl. 194), 1.Google Scholar
Roose, S. P., Bone, S., Haidorfer, C., et al (1979) Lithium treatment in older patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 834844.Google Scholar
Roth, M. (1955) The natural history of mental disorder in old age. Journal of Mental Science, 101, 281301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ryback, R. S. & Schwab, R. S. (1971) Manic response to levodopa. New England Journal of Medicine, 285, 788789.Google Scholar
Schwartz, R. B. (1974) Manic psychosis in connection with Q fever. British Journal of Psychiatry, 124, 140143.Google Scholar
Shulman, K. & Post, F. (1980) Bipolar affective disorder in old age. British Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 2632.Google Scholar
Smeraldi, E., Gasperini, M., Macciardi, F., et al (1983) Factors affecting the distribution of age at onset in patients with affective disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17, 309317.Google Scholar
Spicer, C. C., Hare, E. H. & Slater, E. (1973) Neurotic and psychotic forms of depressive illness: evidence from age-incidence in a national sample. British Journal of Psychiatry, 123, 535541.Google Scholar
Steinberg, D., Hirsch, S. R., Marston, S. D., et al (1972) Influenza infection causing manic psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 120, 531535.Google Scholar
Tsuang, M. T., Faraone, S. V. & Fleming, J. A. (1985) Familial transmission of major affective disorders: is there evidence supporting the distinction between unipolar and bipolar disorders? British Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 268271.Google Scholar
Weisart, K. N. & Hendrie, H. C. (1977) Secondary mania: a case report. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 140143.Google Scholar
Winokur, G. (1975) The Iowa 500: heterogeneity and course in manic depressive illness (bipolar). Comprehensive Psychiatry, 16, 125131.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.