Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T08:47:38.906Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Expression of Schizophrenia, Affective Disorder and Vulnerability to Tardive Dyskinesia in an Extensive Pedigree

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

John L. Waddington*
Affiliation:
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Hanafy A. Youssef
Affiliation:
St Davnet's Hospital, Monaghan, Ireland
*
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland

Abstract

The demography, psychiatric morbidity, and motor consequences of long-term neuroleptic treatment in the 14 children born to a father with a family history of chronic psychiatric illness and a mother with a late-onset affective disorder resulting in suicide are documented. Twelve siblings lived to adulthood, nine of whom were admitted to a psychiatric hospital in their second or third decade, and required continuous in-patient care; five remaining in hospital, with long-term exposure to neuroleptics, had chroniC., deteriorating, schizophrenic illness and emergence of movement disorder. Two siblings showed no evidence of psychosis but developed a late-onset affective disorder. The implications for the issues of homotypia, vulnerability to involuntary movements, and interaction with affective disorder are discussed.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1988 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andreasen, N. C., Rice, J., Endicott, J., Coryell, W., Grove, W. M. & Reich, T. (1987) Familial rates of affective disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 461469.Google Scholar
Baron, M. (1986) Genetics of schizophrenia: 1. Familial patterns and mode of inheritance. Biological Psychiatry, 21, 10511066.Google Scholar
Bartels, M., Mann, K. & Friedrich, W. (1985) Tardive dyskinesia: marked predominance of nongenetic schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 20, 101103.Google Scholar
Crow, T. J. (1986) The continuum of psychosis and its implication for the structure of the gene. British Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 419429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dworkin, R. H. & Lenzenweger, M. F. (1984) Symptoms and the genetics of schizophrenia: implications for diagnosis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 15411546.Google Scholar
Feighner, J. P., Robins, E., Guze, S. B., Woodruff, R. A. & Winokur, G. (1972) Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research. Archives of General Psychiatry, 26, 5763.Google Scholar
Francis, A. & Freeman, H. (1984) Psychiatric abnormality and brain calcification over four generations. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 172, 166170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gottesman, I. I. & Shields, J. (1982) Schizophrenia: The Epigenetic Puzzle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Heaton-Ward, A. (1977) Psychosis in mental handicap. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 525533.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGuffin, P., Farmer, A. & Gottesman, I. I. (1987) Is there really a split in schizophrenia? The genetic evidence. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 581592.Google Scholar
Murray, R. M., Lewis, S. W. & Reveley, A. M. (1985) Towards an aetiological classification of schizophrenia. The Lancet, i, 10231026.Google Scholar
Murray, R. M., Reveley, A. M. & McGuffin, P. (1986) Genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 9, 316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Institute of Mental Health (1976) Abnormal involuntary movement scale. In ECDEU Assessment Manual (ed. Guy, W.). Rockville: US Department of Health, Education and Welfare.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, M. J. & Nimgaonkar, V. L. (1987) The continuum of psychosis and the gene. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 566567.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parsons, J. A., May, J. G. & Menolascino, F. J. (1984) The nature and incidence of mental illness in mentally retarded individuals. In Handbook of Mental Illness in the Mentally Retarded (eds Menolascino, F. J. & Stark, J. A.). New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Reid, A. H. (1972) Psychoses in adult mental defectives: 11. Schizophrenic and paranoid psychoses. British Journal of Psychiatry, 120, 213218.Google Scholar
Rice, J., Reich, T., Andreasen, N. C., Endicott, J., Van Eeroewegh, M., Fishman, R., Hirschfield, R. M. A. & Klerman, G. L. (1987) The familial transmission of bipolar illness. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 441447.Google Scholar
Schooler, N. & Kane, J. M. (1982) Research diagnoses for tardive dyskinesia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, 486487.Google Scholar
Seeman, M. V. (1986) Current outcome in schizophrenia: women vs men. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 73, 609617.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waddington, J. L. (1987) Tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia and other disorders: associations with ageing, cognitive dysfunction and structural brain pathology in relation to neuroleptic exposure. Human Psychopharmacology, 2, 1122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waddington, J. L. & Youssef, H. A. (1986a) An unusual cluster of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: Association with cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 11621165.Google ScholarPubMed
Waddington, J. L. & Youssef, H. A. (1986b) Late onset involuntary movements in chronic schizophrenia: Relationship of ‘tardive’ dyskinesia to intellectual impairment and negative symptoms. British Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 616620.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waddington, J. L. & Youssef, H. A. (1986c) Involuntary movements and cognitive dysfunction in late onset schizophrenic outpatients. Irish Medical Journal, 79, 347350.Google Scholar
Waddington, J. L. & Youssef, H. A., Dolphin, C. & Kinsella, A. (1987) Cognitive dysfunction, negative symptoms and tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: Their association in relation to topography of involuntary movements and criterion of their abnormality. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 907912.Google Scholar
Weinberger, D. R. (1987) Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 660669.Google Scholar
Weinhold, P., Wegner, J. T. & Kane, J. M. (1981) Familial occurrence of tardive dyskinesia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 42, 165166.Google Scholar
Weissman, M. M., Merikangas, K. R., John, K., Wickramaratne, P., Prusoff, B. A. & Kidd, K. K. (1986) Family-genetic studies of psychiatric disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43, 11041116.Google Scholar
Yassa, R. & Ananth, J. (1981) Familial tardive dyskinesia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 16181619.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.