Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T11:06:57.444Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Effects of Phenothiazines on Endocrine Function: II

Effects in Men and Post-Menopausal Women

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

P. J. V. Beumont ,
C. S. Corker ,
H. G. Friesen ,
T. Kolakowska ,
B. M. Mandelbrote ,
J. Marshall ,
M. A. F. Murray  and
D. H. Wiles
P. J. V. Beumont
Affiliation:
Littlemore Hospital
C. S. Corker
Affiliation:
Department of Human Anatomy, University of Oxford
H. G. Friesen
Affiliation:
Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal; now at Dept. of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
T. Kolakowska
Affiliation:
Littlemore Hospital
B. M. Mandelbrote
Affiliation:
Littlemore Hospital
J. Marshall
Affiliation:
DecHospital, Ducane Road, London W12 0HS
M. A. F. Murray
Affiliation:
Department of Human Anatomy, University of Oxford
D. H. Wiles
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, The Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

There is ample evidence that high doses of phenothiazines and other neuroleptics depress the pituitary-gonadal axis in experimental animals (De Wied, 1967), but the effects of these drugs on sex hormones in human subjects are still controversial (Shader and Di Mascio, 1970). Literature concerning growth hormone (GH) is even more controversial, since phenothiazines have been found to inhibit GH release in rodents (Muller et al., 1967) but to increase it in the rhesus monkey (Meyer and Knobil, 1967). In human subjects phenothiazines have been reported to depress both basal levels of GH and the response to hypoglycaemia (Sherman et al., 1971), while others have found that this response is enhanced (Schimmelbusch, Mueller and Scheps, 1971). Studies of prolactin levels are more consistent, showing raised prolactin both in experimental animals and in human subjects following administration of phenothiazines (Apostolakis et al., 1972; Hwang et al., 1971; Kleinberg et al., 1971; Sulman, 1970).

Type
Research Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 124 , Issue 582 , May 1974 , pp. 420 - 430
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1974 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Apostolakis, M., Kapetanakis, S., Lazos, G., and Madena-Pyrgaki, A. (1972). ‘Plasma prolactin activity in patients with galactorrhoea after treatment with psychotropic drugs’, in Lactogenic Hormones (eds. Wolstenholme, G. E. W., and Knight, J.), pp. 349–54. Edinburgh and London: Churchill Livingstone.Google Scholar
Beardwell, C. G., Burke, C. W., and Cope, C. L. (1968). ‘Urinary free cortisol measured by competitive protein binding.’ Journal of Endocrinology, 42, 79–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beumont, P.J. V., et al. (1972). ‘Some endocrine effects of phenothiazines: a preliminary report.’ Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 16, 297–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beumont, P. J. V., et al. (1974). ‘Effects of phenothiazines on endocrine function: I.’ British Journal of Psychiatry, 124, 413–19CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brambilla, F., and Penati, B. (1970). ‘Hormones and behaviour in schizophrenia’, in ‘Influence of Hormones on the Nervous System’. Proceedings of the International Society of Psychoneuroendocrinology, Brooklyn, pp. 482–94. Basel: Karger.Google Scholar
De Wied, D. (1967). ‘Chlorpromazine and endocrine function.’ Pharmacological Reviews, 19, 251–8.Google Scholar
Friesen, H. G. (1973). Discussion in Lactogenic Hormones (eds. Wolstenholme, G. E. W., and Knight, J.), p. 356. Edinburgh and London: Churchill Livingstone.Google Scholar
Friesen, H. G., Guyda, H., Hwang, P., Tyson, J. E., and Barbeau, A. (1972). ‘Functional evaluation of prolactin secretion: a guide to therapy.’ Journal of Clinical Investigation, 51, 706–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frantz, A. G., Kleinberg, D. L., and Noel, G. L. (1972). ‘Studies on prolactin in man.’ Recent Progress in Hormone Research, 28, 527–73.Google ScholarPubMed
Furuyama, S., Mayes, D. M., and Nugent, C. A. (1970). ‘A radioimmunoassay for plasma testosterone.’ Steroids, 16, 415–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gold, E. M., DiRaimondo, V. C., Kent, J. R., and Firsham, P. H. (1960). ‘Comparative effects of certain nonnarcotic central system analgesic and muscle relaxants on the pituitary-adrenocortical system.’ Annals of New York Academy of Science, 86, 178–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harris, A. A., Letemendia, F.J. J., and Willems, P.J. A. (1967). ‘A rating scale of the mental state for use in the chronic population of the psychiatric hospital.’ British Journal of Psychiatry, 113, 941–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hartog, M., Gaafar, M. A., Meisser, B., and Fraser, T. R. (1964). ‘Immunoassay of serum growth hormone in acromegalic patients.’ British Medical Journal, ii, 1229–232.Google Scholar
Hotchkiss, J., Atkinson, L. E., and Knobil, E. (1971). ‘Time course of serum oestrogen and luteinizing hormone concentrations during the menstrual cycle of the rhesus monkey.’ Endocrinology, 89, 177–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hwang, P., Guyda, H., and Friesen, H. (1971). ‘Radioimmunoassay of human prolactin.’ Proceedings of National Academy of Science, 68, 1902–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kleinberg, D. L., and Frantz, A. G. (1971). ‘Human prolactin: measurement in plasma by in vitro bioassay.’ Journal of Clinical Investigation, 50, 1557.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kleinberg, D. L., Noel, G. L., and Frantz, A. G. (1971). ‘Chlorpromazine stimulation and 1-dopa suppression of plasma prolactin in man.’ Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 33, 873–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kline, N. S., Blair, J., Cooper, T. B., Esser, A. H., Hackett, E., and Westergaard, P. (1968). ‘A controlled seven year study of endocrine and other indices in drug treated chronic schizophrenics.’ Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Supplement 206, 7–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, J. C., Anderson, D. C., Burke, C. W., Galvao-Teles, A., and Fraser, T. R. (1972). ‘Clomiphene citrate in man: increase of Cortisol, luteinizing hormone, testosterone and steroid-binding globulines.’ Journal of Endocrinology, 53, 261–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, V., and Knobil, E. (1967). ‘Growth hormone secretion in the unanaesthetised Rhesus monkey in response to noxious stimuli.’ Endocrinology, 80, 163–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Midgley, A. R. (1966). ‘Radioimmunoassay: a method for human chorionic gonadotrophin and human luteinizing hormone.’ Endocrinology, 79, 10–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Muller, E. E., Saito, T., Arimura, A., and Schalley, A. V. (1967). ‘Hypoglycemia, stress and growth hormone release: blockage of growth hormone release by drugs acting on the central nervous system.’ Endocrinology, 80, 109–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okamoto, M., Setaishi, S., Nakagawa, K., Horiuchi, Y., Moriya, K., and Itoh, S. (1971). ‘Diurnal variations in the levels of plasma and urinary androgens.’ Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 32, 846–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Polishuk, W. Z., and Kulcsar, S. (1956). ‘Effects of chlorpromazine on pituitary function.’ Journal of Clinical Endocrinology, 16, 292–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saldanha, V. F., Harvard, C. W. H., Bird, R., and Gardner, R. (1972). ‘The effect of chlorpromazine on pituitary function.’ Clinical Endocrinology, 1, 173–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaub, Cl., Soulairac, A., and Franchimont, P. (1971). ‘Action of chlorpromazine on the hypothalamosomatotropic and hypothalamo-corticotropic axis in man’, in ‘Influence of Hormones on the Nervous System’. Proceedings of the International Society of Psychoneuroendocrinobgy, Brooklyn, 1970, pp. 121–39. Basel: Karger.Google Scholar
Schimmelbusch, W. H., Mueller, P. S., and Scheps, J. (1971). ‘The positive correlation between insulin resistance and duration of hospitalization in untreated schizophrenics.’ British Journal of Psychiatry, 118, 429–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shader, R. I., and Di Mascio, A. (1970). Psychotropic Drugs Side Effects. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.Google Scholar
Shader, R. I., Taymor, M. L., and Grinspoon, L. (1968). ‘Schizophrenia, oligospermia and the phenothiazines. II: studies on follicle stimulating hormone.’ Proceedings IV World Congress of Psychiatry. Excerpta Medica International Congress Series 150, 640–3.Google Scholar
Sherins, J. R., Gandy, H. M., Thorslund, T. W., and Paulsen, C. A. (1971). ‘Pituitary and testicular function studies. I. Experience with a new gonadal inhibitor, 17 α Pregn-4-en-20-yno-(2,3-d) isoxazol-17-ol (Danazol).’ Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 32, 522–31.Google Scholar
Sherman, L., Kim, S., Benjamin, F., and Kolodny, H. D. C. (1971). ‘Effects of chlorpromazine on serum growth hormone concentration in man.’ New England Journal of Medicine, 284, 72–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simson, G. H., and Angus, J. W. S. (1970). ‘A rating scale for extrapyramidal side-effects.’ Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Supplement 212, 11–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sloane, R. B., Saffran, M., and Cleghorn, R. A. (1958). ‘Steroid response to ACTH and the effect of ataractic drugs’, in Psychoendocrinology (ed. Reiss, M.), pp. 198–203. New York: Grune and Stratton.Google Scholar
Sulman, F. G. (1970). Hypothalamic Control of Lactation. London: W. Heineman.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sulman, F. G., and Winnik, H. Z. (1956). ‘Hormonal effects of chlorpromazine.’ Lancet, i, 161–2.Google Scholar
Sutton, J. R., Coleman, M. J., Casley, J., and Lazarus, , (1973). ‘Androgen response during physical exercise.’ British Medical Journal, i, 520–2.Google Scholar
Suwa, N., Yamashita, I., Ito, K., Yoshimura, Y., and Moroji, T. (1966). ‘Psychic state and gonadal function: a psychophysiological study of emotion.’ Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 143, 36–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turkington, R. W. (1972a). ‘Serum prolactin levels in patients with gynecomastia.’ Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 34, 62–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turkington, R. W. (1972b). ‘Inhibition of prolactin secretion and successful therapy of the Forbes-Albright syndrome with 1-dopa.’ Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 34, 306–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werner, W., Ray, H. G., and Weilinger, H. (1970). ‘Über die Eigenschaften eines neuen Chromogens für die Blutzuckerbestimmung nach der GOD/POD-Methode.’ Zeitschrieft für analytische Chemie, 255, 224–8.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.