Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T20:03:36.755Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Depression, Affect and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2018

J.-P. Lindenmayer  and
Stanley R. Kay
J.-P. Lindenmayer
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center and Bronx Psychiatric Center, New York
Stanley R. Kay
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center and Bronx Psychiatric Center, New York
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The relationship of depression with affect deficit in schizophrenic patients continues to challenge both the clinician and the researcher. Often there is considerable difficulty in differentiating these two affect states in a reliable and valid fashion. On the observational level, depressed affect often appears somewhat restricted, having lost the full range of the euthymic state. On a subjective level, schizophrenic patients often complain of anhedonia, a defect in pleasure capacity which is shared by patients who are depressed. On the prognostic level, there is a large body of literature that links depressive features in acute schizophrenics to favourable subsequent course (Astrup & Noreik, 1966; Vaillant, 1964). We were, therefore, interested in investigating the relationship of depression with impaired affect and with positive/negative symptoms in young acute schizophrenic patients. We used a systematic multidimensional study of affect impairment among 37 young acute schizophrenic patients in a prospective, longitudinal approach over a 2-year span. In addition to a detailed assessment of the affect profile, including depression, both at baseline and on follow-up, we rated patients clinically for a positive and negative syndrome as well as general psychopathology, and we conducted premorbid and outcome measurements.

Type
Research Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 155 , Issue S7: Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia , November 1989 , pp. 108 - 114
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1989 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrams, R. & Taylor, M.A. (1978) A rating scale for emotional blunting. American Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 226–229.Google ScholarPubMed
Alpert, M., Diamond, I., Weisenfreund, J., et al (1978) The neuroleptic hypothesis. Study of the covariation of the extrapyramidal and therapeutic drug effects. British Journal of Psychiatry, 133, 169–175.Google Scholar
Alpert, M., Diamond, I., Weisenfreund, J. (1983) Comparison of affect in Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Psychopharmology Bulletin, 19, 118–120.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders, (3rd edition) DSM—III, Washington DC, APA.Google Scholar
Andreasen, N.C. (1979) Affective flattening and the criteria for schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 944–947.Google Scholar
Astrup, C. & Noreik, K. (1966) Functional Psychoses. Diagnostic and Prognostic Models. Springfield, III: Charles C. Thomas.Google Scholar
Ban, T.A. (1971) Drug treatment in schizophrenia. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 16, 473–485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carpenter, W.T. Jr., Heinrichs, D.W., & Alphs, L.D. (1985) Treatment of negative symptoms. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43, 103–113.Google Scholar
Gift, T.E., Srauss, J.S., Kokes, R.F., et al (1980) American Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 580–585.Google Scholar
Guy, W. (1976) ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology (1976 rev.) Washington DC: US Dept of Health, Education and Welfare.Google Scholar
Harrow, M., Grinker, R.R., Holzman, P.S. et al (1977) Anhedonia and Schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 794–797.Google ScholarPubMed
Kay, S.R. (1982) The Cognitive Diagnostic Battery: Evaluation of Intellectual Disorders, Odessa Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.Google Scholar
Kay, S.R. and Singh, M.M. (1974) A temporal measure of attention in schizophrenia and its clinical significance. British Journal of Psychiatry, 125, 146–151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kay, S.R., Opler, L.A. & Fiszbein, A. (1986) Significance of positive and negative syndromes in chronic schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 439–448.Google Scholar
Kay, S.R., Fiszbein, A. & Opler, L.A. (1987) The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13, 261–276.Google Scholar
Kay, S.R., Opler, L.A. & Lindenmayer, J.P. (1988) Reliability and validity of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for schizophrenics. Psychiatry Research, 23, 99–110.Google Scholar
Knight, R.A., & Roff, J.D. (1985) Affectivity in schizophrenia. In Controversies in Schizophrenia (ed. Alpert, M.). New York: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Lindenmayer, J.P., Kay, S.R. & Opler, L.A. (1984) Positive and negative subtypes in acute schizophrenia. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 25, 455–464.Google Scholar
Lindenmayer, J.P., Kay, S.R. & Freedman, C. (1986) Negative and positive schizophrenic syndromes after the acute phase: A prospective follow-up. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 27, 276–286.Google Scholar
McGlashan, T. & Carpenter, W.T. Jr. (1976) An investigation of the postpsychotic depressive syndrome. American Journal of Psychiatry, 133, 14–19.Google Scholar
McGlashan, T. & Carpenter, W.T. Jr. (1979) Affective symptoms and the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 5, 547–553.Google Scholar
National Institute of Mental Health (1974) Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). Washington DC: US Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare.Google Scholar
Opler, L., Kay, S., Rosado, V., et al (1984) Positive and negative syndromes in chronic schizophrenic inpatients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 172, 317–325.Google Scholar
Overall, J.E. & Gorham, D.R. (1962) Brief psychiatric rating scale. Psychological Reports, 10, 799–812.Google Scholar
Singh, M.D. & Kay, S.R. (1975) A comparative study of haloperidol and chlorpromazine in terms of clinical effects and therapeutic reversal with benztropine in schizophrenia. Theoretical implications for potency differences among neuroleptics. Psychopharmacology, 43, 103–113.Google Scholar
Small, N.E., Mohs, R.C., Halperin, R., et al (1984) Study of the reliability of reported premorbid adjustment in Schizophrenia patients. Biological Psychiatry, 19, 203–211.Google Scholar
Vaillant, G. (1964) Prospective prediction of schizophrenic remission. Archives General Psychiatry, 11, 509–518.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.