Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T16:32:00.296Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Agoraphobia: a Follow-up Study Four Years After Treatment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

Paul M. G. Emmelkamp
Affiliation:
Academic Hospital, Department of Clinical Psychology, Oestersingel 59, Groningen, The Netherlands
Antoinette C. M. Kuipers
Affiliation:
Academic Hospital, Department of Clinical Psychology, Oestersingel 59, Groningen, The Netherlands

Summary

Seventy agoraphobic out-patients were followed up prospectively for four years after treatment; the improvements manifested during treatment were found to be maintained and partly augmented. At the end of follow-up, 75 per cent of the patients had improved on the main phobia. No clear relationship was found between external control, social anxiety, depression and duration of the complaint at the beginning of treatment on the one hand and the results at follow-up on the other. The disorders remained phobic, no other neurotic symptoms having developed during the follow-up period.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1979 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (1974) Self-observation versus flooding in the treatment of agoraphobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 12, 229–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (1977) Phobias: theoretical and behavioural treatment considerations. In The Treatment of Phobic and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (eds. J. C. Boulougouris and A. D. Rabavilas). New York: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Emmelkamp, P. M. G. & Emmelkamp-Benner, A. (1975) Effects of historically portrayed modelling and group treatment on self-observation: a comparison with agoraphobics. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 13, 135–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emmelkamp, P. M. G. & Ultee, C. A. (1974) A comparison of ‘successive approximation’ and ‘self-observation’ in the treatment of agoraphobia. Behavior Therapiy, 5, 605–13.Google Scholar
Emmelkamp, P. M. G. & Wessels, H. (1975) Flooding in imagination vs flooding in vivo: a comparison with agoraphobics. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 13, 715.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gelder, M. (1977) Behavioural treatment of agoraphobia: some factors which restrict change after treatment. In The Treatment of Phobic and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (eds. J. C. Boulougouris and A. D. Rabavilas New York: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Hafner, R. J. (1976) Fresh symptom emergence after intensive behaviour therapy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 129, 378–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marks, I. M. (1969) Fears and Phobias. London: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Marks, I. M. (1971) Phobic disorders four years after treatment: a prospective follow-up. British Journal of Psychiatry, 118, 683–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marks, I. M. (1975) Behavioural treatments of phobic and obsessive-compulsive disorders: a critical appraisal. In Progress in Behaviour Modification, Vol. 1 (eds. M. Hersen, R. M. Eisler and P. M. Miller). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Mathews, A. (1977) Recent developments in the treatment of agoraphobia. Behavioural Analysis and Modification, 1, 2, 6475.Google Scholar
Roberts, A. H. (1964) Housebound-Housewives: a follow-up study of a phobic anxiety state. British Journal of Psychiatry, 110, 191–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rotter, J. B. (1966) Generalized expectancies for internal vs external control of reinforcement. Psychol. Monogr., 80, 128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, J. P. & Marks, I. M. (1971) Relevant and irrelevant fear in flooding: a cross-over study of phobic patients. Behaviour Therapy, 2, 275–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willems, L. F. M., Tuender-De Haan, H. A. & Defares, P. B. (1973) Een schaal om sociale angst te meten. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie, 415–22.Google Scholar
Zung, W. K. (1965) A self-rating depression scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12, 6370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.