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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 August 2015
The analysis of the UV spectra of τ Sco (BO V) and ζ Pup (O4 f) resulted in the empirical warm wind model. In this model the presence of O5+ and N4+ ions in the envelopes of early type stars is explained by collisional ionization in a ‘warm’ envelope of T ≃ 2 105 K.