Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 August 2015
The motion of a particle of mass m according to the central force of Newton, is denoted by
where K is a constant. x=0 corresponds to singular points of this equations. The domain of (1), denoted by
= (R3 −{0})×R3, is called the phase space of the Kepler motion. In the sequel we set m=K=1 for simplicity and also transform the independent variable from t to s by dt =|x|ds (x≠0), then the Kepler motion in the phase space
is written as
Further, we shall confine the following discussion to the case of the negative energy value, except the preliminary discussion.