NRAO 140 is a quasar (z = 1.258) which is among only 3 or 4 such objects (and the one with the highest z) which were detected at X-ray energies prior to the operation of the Einstein Observatory (Marscher et al. 1979). We obtained contemporaneous X-ray and radio VLBI observations of the source in early 1980, to determine whether Compton scattering within the radio source is the primary X-ray emission mechanism (Marscher and Broderick 1981b). Instead, we found that the radio parameters predicted more than 103 times more X-ray flux than was observed. Since the Compton calculation is independent of distance, and since the troublesome component was partially resolved (and hence not a high-brightness-temperature emitter), we found that relativistic motion aimed nearly directly toward the observer with Lorentz factor exceeding 4, needed to be invoked in order to bring the predicted Compton flux down to the observed level (Marscher and Broderick 1981a, b). Since relativistic motion is also the preferred explanation for the apparent superluminal expansion seen in some compact radio sources (e.g., M. Cohen, this volume; Marscher and Scott 1980; Kellermann and Pauliny-Toth 1981), we predicted that the compact components in NRAO 140 should appear to separate at a speed exceeding about 4c.