Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T15:29:31.700Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

On the Inevitability and the Possible Structures of Supercivilizations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2017

Nikolai S. Kardashev
Nikolai S. Kardashev*
Affiliation:
Space Research Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Since civilizations face always problems that require continuously greater activity, it is likely that supercivilizations will undertake activities and construct structures of a very large scale. Properties and means of detections of such superstructures and activities are discussed. We also examine six possible scenarios on the evolution of civilizations.

Type
Section VII. The Fermi Paradox and Alternative Search Strategies
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 112: The Search for Extraterrestrial Life: Recent Developments , 1985 , pp. 497 - 504
Copyright
Copyright © Reidel 1985 

References

1. Dyson, F.J., Search for Artificial Stellar Sources of Infrared Radiation, in Interstellar Communication (Cameron, A.G.W. ed.), W.A. Benjamin, New York, 1963, pp. 111–114; Science, 1960, 131, 1667-8.Google Scholar
2. Dyson, F.J., Gravitational Machines, in Interstellar Communication (Cameron, A.G.W., ed.), W.A. Benjamin, New York, 1963, pp. 115–120.Google Scholar
3. Dyson, F.J., The search for extraterrestrial technology. Prospects of Modern Physics, (Marshak, R.E., ed.), Wiley, New York, 1966, N.4, 641–655).Google Scholar
4. Astroengineering Activity: The Possibility of ETI in Present Astrophysical Phenomena. Discussion in: Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence, (Sagan, C., ed.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1973, 188–229, 371–389.Google Scholar
5. Sagan, C., Walver, R.G. The Infrared Detectability of Dyson Civilizations, Ap. J., 1966, 144, N 3, 1216–1218.Google Scholar
6. Kardashev, N.S., Transmission of Information by Extraterrestrial Civilizations. Astronomicheskii Zh., 41, 282, 1964. (English translation in Soviet Astronomy, 8, 217.).Google Scholar
7. Kardashev, N.S., Acta Astronautica, 1979, 6, 33–46.Google Scholar
8. Kardashev, N.S., Optimal wavelength region for communication with extraterrestrial intelligence: λ = 1.5 mm, Nature, 1979, 278, 28–30.Google Scholar
9. O'Neill, G., Space Colonization and SETI - Cosmic Search, 1979, 1, 16–24 (interview by J. Kraus).Google Scholar
10. Ball, J.A., The Zoo Hypothesis, Icarus, 1973, 19, N3, 347–349.Google Scholar