Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T19:14:31.587Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Molecules and Neutral Hydrogen in Planetary Nebulae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 July 2016

Luis F. Rodríguez
Luis F. Rodríguez*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Astronomía, UNAM, Apdo. Postal 70-264, 04510 México, D.F., México

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Molecules and/or neutral hydrogen have been detected in a modest number of planetary nebulae. However, when detected, these indicators of a significant neutral component can provide fundamental information on the total mass of the envelope, its chemistry and kinematics, and on the morphology and evolutionary status of the planetary nebula. A review of recent results is presented, giving emphasis to CO (carbon monoxide), H2 (molecular hydrogen), OH (hydroxil), and HI (neutral hydrogen). A major development of the last few years has been the capability to map with considerable angular resolution these species in planetary nebulae. In the best studied cases, the neutral component appears to be located surrounding the “waist” of a bipolar planetary nebulae. These is evidence suggesting that molecules and neutral hydrogen are not as uncommon in planetary nebula as the present statistics suggest. Indeed, the outer parts of a considerable fraction of the known planetary nebulae could be neutral. It is possible that a combination of good selection criteria and long integrations with the best telescopes could increase largely the number of known cases.

Type
II. Nebular Properties
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 131: Planetary Nebulae , 1989 , pp. 129 - 138
Copyright
Copyright © Kluwer 1989 

References

Altschuler, D.R., Schneider, S.E., Giovanardi, C. and Silverglate, P.R. 1986, Ap. J. (Letters), 305, L85.Google Scholar
Balick, B. 1987, Astr. J., 94, 671.Google Scholar
Black, J.H. 1983, in Planetary Nebulae, IAU Symp. 103, ed. Flower, W.D. (Dordrecht: Reidel), p. 91 Google Scholar
Black, J.H. and van Dishoeck, E.F. 1987, Ap. J., 322, 412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chu, Y.H. 1988, these proceedings.Google Scholar
Dinerstein, H.L., Coleman, H.H., Carr, J.S., and Lester, D.F. 1988, these proceedings.Google Scholar
Gathier, R., Pottasch, S.R. and Goss, W.M. 1987, Astr. Ap., 157, 191.Google Scholar
Gathier, R. 1987, in Late Stages of Stellar Evolution, ed. Kwok, S. and Pottasch, S.R., Ap. and Spac. Sci. Library, 132, 371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glassgold, A.E. and Huggins, P.J. 1983, Mon. Not. R. Astr. Soc., 203, 517.Google Scholar
Greenhouse, M.A., Hayward, T.L. and Thronson, H.A. 1988, these proceedings.Google Scholar
Habing, H.J. 1988, these proceedings.Google Scholar
Healy, A.P. and Huggins, P.J. 1987, submitted to Astr. J. Google Scholar
Herman, J., Baud, B. and Habing, H.J. 1985, Astr. Ap., 144, 514.Google Scholar
Huggins, P.J. and Healy, A.P. 1986a, Ap. J. (Letters), 305, L29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huggins, P.J. and Healy, A.P. 1986b, Mon. Not. R. Astr. Soc., 220, 33p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knapp, G.R., Phillips, T.G., Leighton, R.B., Lo, K.Y., Wannier, P.G., Wootten, H.A., and Huggins, P.J. 1982, Ap. J., 252, 616.Google Scholar
Knapp, G.R. and Morris, M. 1985, Ap. J., 292, 640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knapp, G.R. 1985, in Mass Loss from Red Giants, ed. Morris, M. and Zuckerman, B., Ap. and Spa. Sci. Library, 117, 171.Google Scholar
Knapp, G.R. 1986, Ap. J., 311, 731.Google Scholar
Kwok, S. 1987, in Late Stages of Stellar Evolution, ed. Kwok, S. and Pottasch, S.R., Ap. and Spa. Sci. Library, 132, 321.Google Scholar
Maciel, W.J. and Pottasch, S.R. 1980, Astr. Ap., 88, 1.Google Scholar
Masson, C.R. et al. 1985, Ap. J., 292, 464.Google Scholar
Mufson, S.R., Lyon, J., and Marionni, P.A. 1975, Ap. J. (Letters), 201, L85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Payne, H.E., Phillips, J.A. and Terzian, Y. 1987, Ap. J., in press.Google Scholar
Payne, P.W., Storey, J.W.V., Webster, B.L., Dopita, M.A. and Meatheringham, S.J. 1988, these proceedings.Google Scholar
Peimbert, M. and Torres-Peimbert, S. 1983, in Planetary Nebulae, IAU Symposium 103, ed. Flower, W.D. (Dordrecht: Reidel), p. 233.Google Scholar
Pottasch, S.R., Bignell, C. and Zijlstra, A. 1987, Astr. Ap., 177, L49.Google Scholar
Rodríguez, L.F. and Moran, J.M. 1982, Nature, 299, 323.Google Scholar
Rodríguez, L.F. and García-Barreto, J.A. 1984, Rev. Mexicana Astron. Astrof., 9, 153.Google Scholar
Rodríguez, L.F. et al. 1985, Mon. Not. R. Astr. Soc., 215, 353.Google Scholar
Rodríguez, L.F., García-Barreto, J.A. and Gómez, Y. 1985, Rev. Mexicana Astron. Astrof., 11, 109.Google Scholar
Rodríguez, L.F., Gómez, Y. and García-Barreto, J.A. 1985, Rev. Mexicana Astron. Astrof., 11, 139.Google Scholar
Rodríguez, L.F. 1987, in Planetary and Protoplanetary Nebulae: From IRAS to ISO, ed. Preite-Martínez, A., Ap. and Spa. Sci. Library, 135, 55.Google Scholar
Seaquist, E.R. and Davis, L.E. 1983, Ap. J., 274, 659.Google Scholar
Smith, M.G., Geballe, T.R., Aspin, C.A., McLean, I.S. and Roach, P.F. 1988, these proceedings.Google Scholar
Sopka, R. et al. 1988, in preparation.Google Scholar
Taylor, A.R. and Pottasch, S.R. 1987, Astr. Ap., 176 L5.Google Scholar
Thronson, H.A. and Bally, J. 1986, Ap. J., 300, 749.Google Scholar
Walsh, J.R. 1983, Mon. Not. R. Astr. Soc., 202, 303.Google Scholar
Walsh, J.R., Clegg, R.E.S. and Ukita, N. 1988, these proceedings.Google Scholar
Zijlstra, A., Pottasch, S.R., te Lintel, P. and Bignell, C. 1988, these proceedings.Google Scholar
Zuckerman, B. and Aller, L.H. 1986, Ap. J., 301, 772.Google Scholar
Zuckerman, B. and Dyck, H.M. 1986, Ap. J., 304, 394.Google Scholar
Zuckerman, B. and Gatley, I. 1988, Ap. J., 324, 501.Google Scholar