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Infrared Observations of Interstellar Ices

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 May 2016

P. Ehrenfreund  and
W. A. Schutte
P. Ehrenfreund
Affiliation:
Raymond & Beverly Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics at Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
W. A. Schutte
Affiliation:
Raymond & Beverly Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics at Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

Abstract

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In the recent years revolutionary results concerning the nature of icy dust particles have been obtained with the help of the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) and ground based observations. To date interstellar ice features of H2O, CO, CO2, CH3OH, CH4, H2CO, OCS and HCOOH as well as other minor species are observed. Interstellar grains act as important catalysts in the interstellar medium. Processes such as UV irradiation, cosmic ray processing and temperature variations determine the grain mantle growth and chemical evolution. ISO has revealed that ice segregation is an important and ubiquitous process in the vicinity of massive protostars and reflects the extensive thermal processing of grains in such environments.

In this paper a recent view on the inventory of interstellar ices is presented. Constraints on the reservoirs of oxygen in dense clouds are discussed, taking into account recent measurements of oxygen-bearing species. Large abundances of CO2 and CH3OH in dense molecular clouds provide challenging perspectives to investigate the differences of ice chemistry in the vicinity of high and low-mass protostars. Accurate abundances of ice species and knowledge on the ice distribution in the protostellar regions are an important tool to define the environmental conditions in molecular clouds. A global understanding of interstellar ice chemistry also allows monitoring the incorporation and evolution of volatiles in planetesimals and comets and to reveal processes predominant in the early Solar System.

Type
Part 2. Chemistry in High-Mass Star-Forming Regions
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 197: Astrochemistry: From Molecular Clouds to Planetary Systems , 2000 , pp. 135 - 146
Copyright
Copyright © Astronomical Society of the Pacific 2000 

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