Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-vpsfw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-17T09:25:11.911Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Expanding Envelopes of Stars

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2015

A. A. Boyarchuk
A. A. Boyarchuk*
Affiliation:
Krymskaya Astrofizicheskaya Observatoria, U.S.S.R.

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Observations of Be stars are summarized and discussed, with a view to establishing dimensions of, and physical conditions within, their envelopes. Shell stars and Be stars are considered together, the observed differences between them being considered as due to the size of the envelope and the angle that the rotational axis makes with the line of sight. Rotational ejection of matter is insufficient to account for the formation of the envelopes. Theories of the structure of envelopes are also discussed. The envelopes of Wolf-Rayet stars are considered in a similar way. The interpretation of these is complicated by the known binary nature of many Wolf-Rayet stars. Other groups of stars possessing envelope-like structures – U Gem stars and old novae, symbiotic stars, and T Tauri stars – are briefly mentioned. The problems of stellar envelopes, first listed by Struve thirty years ago, are still unsolved.

Type
Research Article
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 51: Extended Atmospheres and Circumstellar Matter in Spectroscopic Binary Systems , 1973 , pp. 81 - 94
Copyright
Copyright © Reidel 1973 

References

Aller, L. H.: 1943, Astrophys. J. 97, 135.Google Scholar
Aller, L. H. and Faulkner, D. I.: 1964, Astrophys. J. 140, 167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beals, C. S.: 1930, Publ. Dominion Astrophys. Obs. 4, 228.Google Scholar
Beals, C. S.: 1931, Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 91, 966.Google Scholar
Beals, C. S.: 1940, J. Roy. Astron. Soc. Can. 34, 169.Google Scholar
Boyarchuk, A. A.: 1958, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liège, 4ème Série 20, 159.Google Scholar
Boyarchuk, A. A.: 1960, Voprosi kosmogonyi 7, 231 Google Scholar
Boyarchuk, A. A.: 1966, Izv. Krymsk. Astrofiz. Obs. 35, 45.Google Scholar
Boyarchuk, A. A.: 1970, in Boyarchuk, A. A. and Gershberg, R. E. (eds.), Eruptivnye Zvezdy, Nauka, Moscow, p. 148.Google Scholar
Boyarchuk, A. A. and Pronik, I. I.: 1963, Izv. Krymsk. Astrofiz. Obs. 29, 268.Google Scholar
Boyarchuk, A. A. and Pronik, I. I.: 1964, Izv. Krymsk. Astrofiz. Obs. 31, 3.Google Scholar
Boyarchuk, A. A. and Pronik, I. I.: 1965, Izv. Krymsk. Astrofiz. Obs. 33, 195.Google Scholar
Boyarchuk, A. A. and Pronik, I. I.: 1967, Izv. Krymsk. Astrofiz. Obs. 36, 203.Google Scholar
Burbidge, G. R. and Burbidge, E. M.: 1953, Astrophys. J. 118, 252.Google Scholar
Gorbatsky, V. G.: 1970, in Boyarchuck, A. A. and Gershberg, R. E. (eds.), Eruptivnye Zvezdy, Nauka, Moscow, p. 63.Google Scholar
Hack, M. and Struve, O.: 1971, Stellar Spectroscopy 2, Trieste, p. 14.Google Scholar
Henriksen, R. N.: 1969, Astron. Astrophys. 1, 457.Google Scholar
Herbig, G. H.: 1962, Adv. Astron. Astrophys. 1, 47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hiltner, W. A.: 1949, Astrophys. J. 110, 95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirata, R. and Uesugi, A.: 1967, Contr. Kwasan Obs. Kyoto No. 156.Google Scholar
Ilmas, M.: 1971, in The Emission Lines in the Stellar Spectra, Tartu, p. 47.Google Scholar
Kogure, T.: 1959, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 11, 127, 278.Google Scholar
Kogure, T.: 1961, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 13, 335.Google Scholar
Kogure, T.: 1967, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 19, 30.Google Scholar
Kogure, T.: 1969, Astron. Astrophys. 1, 253.Google Scholar
Kron, G. E. and Gordon, K. C.: 1950, Astrophys. J. 111, 454.Google Scholar
Krzeminski, W.: 1965, Astrophys. J. 142, 1051.Google Scholar
Kuhi, L. V.: 1964, Astrophys. J. 140, 1409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuhi, L. V.: 1968a, Astrophys. J. 152, 101.Google Scholar
Kuhi, L. V.: 1968b, in Gebbie, K. B. and Thomas, R. N. (eds.), Wolf-Rayet Stars, Washington, p. 108.Google Scholar
Limber, D. N. and Marlborough, J. M.: 1968, Astrophys. J. 152, 181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLaughlin, D. B.: 1961, J. Roy. Astron. Soc. Can. 55, 76.Google Scholar
Marlborough, J. M.: 1969, Astrophys. J. 156, 135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyamoto, S.: 1949, Jap. J. Astron. 1, 17.Google Scholar
Miyamoto, S.: 1952, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 4, 1.Google Scholar
Münch, G.: 1950, Astrophys. J. 112, 266.Google Scholar
Ozemre, K.: 1967, Ann. Astrophys. 30, 495.Google Scholar
Prendergast, K.: 1960, Astrophys. J. 132, 162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pringle, J. K. and McNamara, D. M.: 1962, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 74, 525.Google Scholar
Ringuelet-Kaswalder, A. E.: 1963, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 75, 323.Google Scholar
Rojas, H. and Herman, R.: 1958, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liège, 4ème Série 20, 198.Google Scholar
Rublev, S. V.: 1964, Astron. Zh. 41, 63 (Soviet Astron. 8, 45).Google Scholar
Searle, L.: 1958, Astrophys. J. 128, 61.Google Scholar
Slettebak, A.: 1949, Astrophys. J. 110, 498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slettebak, A.: 1966, Astrophys. J. 145, 126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobolev, V. V.: 1947, Moving Stellar Envelopes, Leningrad.Google Scholar
Sobolev, V. V.: 1962, Astron. Zh. 39, 632 (Soviet Astron. 6, 531).Google Scholar
Struve, O.: 1942, Astrophys. J. 95, 134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Struve, O. and Würm, K.: 1938, Astrophys. J. 88, 84.Google Scholar
Swings, P. and Struve, O.: 1941, Astrophys. J. 93, 356.Google Scholar
Underhill, A.: 1953, Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 113, 477.Google Scholar
Underhill, A. B.: 1958, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liège, 4ème Série 20, 17.Google Scholar
Underhill, A. B.: 1961, Publ. Dominion Astrophys. Obs. 11, 405.Google Scholar
Underhill, A. B.: 1968, in Gebbie, K. B. and Thomas, R. N. (eds.), Wolf-Rayet Stars, Washington, p. 195.Google Scholar
Unsöld, A.: 1938, Physik der Sternatmosphären, Springer Verlag, Berlin, p. 290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vorontsov-Velyaminov, B. A.: 1958, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liège, 4ème Série 20, 55.Google Scholar
Walker, M.: 1969, in Detre, L. (ed.), Non-Periodic Phenomena in Variable Stars, Academic Press, New York, p. 103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallerstein, G.: 1968, Astrophys. J. Letters 151, L121.Google Scholar
Wellman, P.: 1952, Z. Astrophys. 30, 80.Google Scholar
Wilson, O. C.: 1940, Astrophys. J. 91, 3, 79.Google Scholar
Wilson, O. C.: 1942, Astrophys. J. 95, 402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar