This volume is a collection of papers, the majority of which were first presented on a colloquium at the American Association for Applied Linguistics Conference in 1997. The volume is dedicated to Charlene Junko (Charlie) Sato, who died in 1996 at the age of 44. Charlie was a political activist in several domains but was perhaps best known in applied linguistics circles for her work in support of Hawai'i Creole English (HCE) in communities and schools.