Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T06:10:19.340Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

FORMS OF EVIDENCE AND GRAMMATICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE ACQUISITION OF ADJECTIVE POSITION IN L2 FRENCH

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 January 2008

Bruce Anderson
Affiliation:
University of California, Davis

Abstract

The present study examines classroom learners' course of grammatical development in acquiring the interpretive correlates of variable adjective position in French. Eventual attainment of the target language system requires not only knowledge of linear word-order possibilities within the determiner phrase that differ from their native language (English) but knowledge of the interpretive differences between the two orders as well. Results from a contextualized acceptability judgment task administered to monolingual English-speaker controls, four groups of university-level learners of French, and native-French-speaker controls (N = 157) show that adjective position-interpretation pairings are eventually acquired, although with a high degree of between-learner variability in rate. Based on an analysis of both individual and group acceptance rates, I argue that eventual attainment of the second language system requires a priori knowledge of a specific representational format—supporting the notion of the domain-specificity of language as pursued in generative accounts of SLA—but that the course of grammatical development is affected by a number of group- and learner-specific variables that mediate depth of processing (following Gass, 1997).I am indebted to a number of individuals who helped me bring this manuscript to publication, including Laurent Dekydtspotter, the director of my 2002 dissertation at Indiana University, where the research presented in this manuscript was begun; several anonymous SSLA reviewers, who provided insightful and constructively critical comments; and the editorial staff of SSLA, who provided much encouragement and showed great patience.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2008 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anderson, B. (2002). The fundamental equivalence of native and interlanguage grammars: Evidence from argument licensing and adjective position in L2 French. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington.
Anderson, B. (2007a). Learnability and parametric change in the nominal system of L2 French. Language Acquisition, 14, 165214.Google Scholar
Anderson, B. (2007b). Pedagogical rules and their relationship to frequency in the input: Observational and empirical data from L2 French. Applied Linguistics, 28, 286308.Google Scholar
Bernstein, J. (1993). Topics in the syntax of nominal structure across Romance. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, City University of New York.
Birdsong, D. (1992). Ultimate attainment in second language acquisition. Language, 68, 706755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bley-Vroman, R. (1997, October). Features and patterns in foreign language learning. Plenary paper presented at the 17th annual Second Language Research Forum, East Lansing, MI.
Bouldin, J.M. (1990). The syntax and semantics of postnominal adjectives in English. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Bragger, J.D. & Rice, D.B. (1996). Quant à moi: Témoignages des Français et des francophones [In my view: Testimonies from France and the French-speaking world]. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
Bruhn de Garavito, J. & White, L. (2002). The second language acquisition of Spanish DPs: The status of grammatical features. In A. T. Pérez-Leroux & J. Liceras (Eds.), The acquisition of Spanish morphosyntax: The L1/L2 connection (pp. 153178). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Carroll, S.E. (2001). Input and evidence: The raw material of second language acquisition. Amsterdam: Benjamins.CrossRef
Carstens, V.M. (1991). The morphology and syntax of determiner phrases in Kiswahili. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
Carstens, V.M. (2000). Concord in Minimalist theory. Linguistic Inquiry, 31, 319355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cinque, G. (1994). On the evidence for partial N movement in the Romance DP. In G. Cinque, J. Koster, J.-Y. Pollock, L. Rizzi, & R. Zanuttini (Eds.), Paths towards universal grammar (pp. 85110). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Coppieters, R. (1987). Competence differences between native and near-native speakers. Language, 63, 544573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dekydtspotter, L. (2001). The universal parser and interlanguage: Domain-specific mental organization in the comprehension of combien interrogatives in English-French interlanguage. Second Language Research, 17, 93145.Google Scholar
Dekydtspotter, L. & Sprouse, R.A. (2001). Mental design and (second) language epistemology: Adjectival restrictions of wh-quantifiers and tense in English-French interlanguage. Second Language Research, 17, 135.Google Scholar
Dekydtspotter, L., Sprouse, R.A., & Anderson, B. (1997). The interpretive interface in L2 acquisition: The process-result distinction in English-French interlanguage grammars. Language Acquisition, 4, 297332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dekydtspotter, L., Sprouse, R.A., & Anderson, B. (1998). Interlanguage A-bar dependencies: Binding construals, null prepositions, and Universal Grammar. Second Language Research, 14, 341358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dekydtspotter, L., Sprouse, R.A., & Thyre, R. (1999/2000). The interpretation of quantification at a distance in English-French interlanguage: Domain-specificity and second-language acquisition. Language Acquisition, 8, 265320.Google Scholar
Delbecque, N. (1990). Word order as a reflection of alternate conceptual construals in French and Spanish: Similarities and divergences in adjective position. Cognitive Linguistics, 1, 349416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delmonier, D. (1980). La place de l'adjectif en français: Bilan des points de vue et théories du XXe siècle [Adjective position in French: Tally of 20th century viewpoints and theories]. Cahiers de Lexicologie, 37, 524.Google Scholar
Ernst, T. (2002). The syntax of adjuncts. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Fodor, J.A. (1983). The modularity of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Forsgren, M. (1978). La place de l'adjectif épithète en français contemporain [The position of attributive adjectives in contemporary French]. Uppsala: Almqvist and Wiksell.
Gass, S.M. (1997). Input, interaction, and the second language learner. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Gess, R. & Herschensohn, J. (2001). Shifting the DP parameter: A study of anglophone French L2ers. In J. Camps & C. R. Wiltshire (Eds.), Romance syntax, semantics and L2 acquisition (pp. 105119). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Granfeldt, J. (2000). The acquisition of the determiner phrase in bilingual and second language French. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 3, 263280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, R. (1998, September). Explaining the difficulty of French gender attribution for speakers of English. Paper presented at EUROSLA 8, Paris.
Hawkins, R. (2001). Second language syntax: A generative introduction. Oxford: Blackwell.
Heim, I. & Kratzer, A. (1998). Semantics in generative grammar. Oxford: Blackwell.
Jackendoff, R. (1997). The architecture of the language faculty. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Larsson, B. (1993). La place et le sens des adjectifs épithètes de valorisation positive [The position and meaning of positive-valued attributive adjectives]. Lund, Sweden: Lund University Press.
Martin, R. (1986). Le vague et la sémantique de l'adjectif: Réflection sur l'adjectif antéposé en français [Vagueness and the semantics of adjectives: Reflections on pre-posed adjectives in French]. Quaderni di semantica, 7, 243263.Google Scholar
Meisel, J.M. (1997). The acquisition of the syntax of negation in French and German: Contrasting first and second language development. Second Language Research, 13, 227263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nølke, H. (1996). Où placer l'adjectif épithète? Focalisation et modularité [Where to place attributive adjectives? Focus and modularity]. Langue française, 28, 3858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nølke, H. (1997). Une idée simple, une grande idée [A simple idea, a grand idea]. La Linguistique, 33, 131140.Google Scholar
Norris, J.M. & Ortega, L. (2000). Effectiveness of L2 instruction: A research synthesis and quantitative meta-analysis. Language Learning, 50, 417528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parodi, T., Schwartz, B.D., & Clahsen, H. (1997). On the L2 acquisition of the morphosyntax of German nominals. Essex Research Reports in Linguistics, 15, 143.Google Scholar
Reiner, E. (1968). La place de l'adjectif épithète en français: Théories traditionnelles et essai de solution [The position of attributive adjectives in French: Traditional theories and potential solution]. Stuttgart: Braumüller.
Ritter, E. (1991). Two functional projections in noun phrases: Evidence from Modern Hebrew. In S. Rothstein (Ed.), Syntax and semantics 26 (pp. 3762). San Diego: Academic Press.
Ritter, E. (1993). Where's gender? Linguistic Inquiry, 24, 795803.Google Scholar
Schwartz, B.D. (1986). The epistemological status of second language acquisition. Second Language Research, 2, 120159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, B.D. (1993). On explicit and negative data effecting and affecting competence and linguistic behavior. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 15, 147163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, B.D. (1999). Let's make up your mind: “Special nativist” perspectives on language, modularity of mind, and nonnative language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 21, 635655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, B.D. & Sprouse, R.A. (1994). Word order and nominative case in non-native language acquisition: A longitudinal study of (L1 Turkish) German interlanguage. In T. Hoekstra & B. D. Schwartz (Eds.), Language acquisition studies in generative grammar (pp. 317368). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Schwartz, B.D. & Sprouse, R.A. (1996). L2 cognitive states and the Full Transfer/Full Access model. Second Language Research, 12, 4072.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valois, D. (1991). The internal structure of DP. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
Waugh, L. (1977). A semantic analysis of word order. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
Weinrich, H. (1966). La place de l'adjectif en français [Adjective position in French]. Vox Romanica, 25, 8289.Google Scholar
White, L. (2003). Second language acquisition and Universal Grammar. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Wilmet, M. (1980). Antéposition et postposition de l'épithète qualificative en français contemporain [Pre-posed and post-posed attributive adjectives in contemporary French]. Travaux de linguistique, 7, 179204.Google Scholar
Wilmet, M. (1981). Antéposition et postposition de l'épithète qualificative en français contemporain: Etude grammaticale et stylistique [Pre-posed and post-posed attributive adjectives in contemporary French: A grammatical and stylistic study]. Revue de linguistique romane, 45, 1773.Google Scholar