Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T14:24:59.095Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Religion and identity in modern British history (Presidential address)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2016

Keith Robbins*
Affiliation:
University of Glasgow

Extract

‘The Church of England’ declared a leading article in The Times on 8 July 1980 ‘is the British national church’. Such a novel declaration produced apoplexy at the presidential breakfast-table. My topic is an impossibly wide one, only tackled previously, in his distinctive fashion, by Dr Daniel Jenkins. I cannot hope to cover every aspect of it. That apparently innocent sentence in the newspaper does, however, provide me with my text. Its context was an article concerning itself with the possibility that the Prince of Wales might marry a Roman Catholic. Not even a president of the Ecclesiastical History Society can offer comment as to probabilities in this matter and, like The Times, we are only concerned with principles. Concluding, perhaps not surprisingly, that it would seem intolerable to the ‘broad public’ that an excellent heir to the throne should be excluded because of his wife’s religion it added that ‘any sensible person’ would hope that the matter would not be raised. There were still what it called ‘anti-Catholic prejudices’ among a relatively small minority in England and Wales, a rather larger minority in Scotland and a considerable proportion of the Protestant community in Northern Ireland. A constitutional issue ‘which would bring all these birds flapping down out of the rafters’ was not desirable.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Jenkins, D. T., The British: their Identity and their Religion (London 1975)Google Scholar.

2 The Times, 8 July 1980.

3 For example, Smith, A. D. S., Theories of Nationalism (London 1971)Google Scholar.

4 H. Seton-Watson, , Nations and States (London 1976)Google Scholar.

5 Bell, P. M. H., Disestablishment in Wales and Ireland (London 1969)Google Scholar.

6 Some other material on this theme can be found in Maiden, R. H., The English Church and Nation (London 1952)Google Scholar, and Smyth, C. H. E., The Church and the Nation: six Studies in the Anglican Tradition (London 1962)Google Scholar.

7 Stanley, A. P., The Life and Correspondence of Thomas Arnold, 2 vols (London 1845) 2 pp 190-1Google Scholar.

8 Arnold, Thomas, Principles of Church Reform, ed Jackson, M.J and Rogan, J. (London 1962)Google Scholar.

9 Stanley, Arnold 1, p 397.

10 Ibid 1, p 391.

11 Maurice, F. D., The Kingdom of Christ, 3 vols (London 1838) 3, pp 356-7Google Scholar.

12 Ibid 3, pp 368-9.

13 Ibid 3, p 358.

14 Creighton, L., Life and Leiters of Mandeli Creighton, 2 vols in 1 (London 1913) 2, pp 301-2Google Scholar.

15 Figgis, J. N., Hopes for English Religion (London 1919) p 101 Google Scholar.

16 Henson, H. Hensley, In Defence of the English Church (London nd) p 43 Google Scholar.

17 Paget, E. K., Henry Luke Paget (London 1939) p 21 Google Scholar.

18 Jelf, R. W., Sermons, Doctrinal and Practical, Preached Abroad (London 1835) pp vii Google Scholar, xi-ii.

19 Brooke, S. A., Life and Letters of F. W. Robertson (London 1868) p 99 Google Scholar.

20 Hanham, H. J., ‘Religion and Nationality in the mid-Victorian Army’, War and Society, ed Foot, M. R. D. (London 1973)Google Scholar.

21 Hall, Newman, An Autobiography (London 1898) pp 158-60Google Scholar.

22 Ibid pp 356-7.

23 Magee, W. C., Speeches and Addresses, ed Magee, C.S (London 1893) p 56 Google Scholar.

24 Holmes, J. Derek, More Roman than Rome: English Catholicism in the Nineteenth Century (London 1978)Google Scholar.

25 A History of the Church in Wales, ed Walker, D.G (Cardiff 1976)Google Scholar.

26 Coleridge, J. T., A Memoir of the Rev. John Keble (Oxford/London 1869) pp 348 Google Scholar.

27 Williams, G., Religion, Language and Nationality in Wales (Cardiff 1979) pp 121-2Google Scholar.

28 Life and Letters of Rowland Williams, ed his wife, 2 vols (London 1874) 1 pp 51 Google Scholar, 101, 116.

29 Edwards, H. T., A Letter to W. E. Gladstone (London 1870) p 49 Google Scholar.

30 Morgan, K. O., Freedom or Sacrilege? A History of the Campaign for Welsh Disestablishment (Penarth 1966)Google ScholarPubMed.

31 de Hirsch-Davies, J. E., A Popular History of the Church in Wales (London 1912) pp 334-5Google Scholar.

32 A. W. Wade-Evans, , Papers for Thinking Welshmen (London 1907) p 59 Google Scholar.

33 Jones, D. Ambrose, History of the Church in Wales (Carmarthen 1926) p 269 Google Scholar.

34 Thomas, C. J. and Williams, C. H., ‘Language and Nationalism in Wales: a Case Study’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 1 (2 April 1978)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

35 John Simon to Jabez Bunting 27 July 1836 Bunting MS. I owe this letter and the following one to the kindness of Professor W. R. Ward.

36 W. Drewett to Jabez Bunting 9 April 1838.

37 Whitley, W. T., Baptists of North-West England, 1649-1913 (London/Preston 1913)Google Scholar.

38 Roberts, G., History of the English Baptist Church, Bangor, (Bangor 1905)Google Scholar.

39 Knox, R. Buick, Voices from the past: a History of the English Conference of the Presbyterian Church of Wales, 1889-1939 (Llandyssul 1969)Google Scholar.

40 Johns, J., The Ancient British Church and the Welsh Baptists (Carmarthen 1889)Google Scholar.

41 Bund, J. W. Willis, The Celtic Church of Wales (London 1897) p 510 Google Scholar.

42 Jones, R. T., The Desire of Nations (Llandybie 1974)Google Scholar.

43 Presenting Saunders Lewis, ed Jones, A.R and Thomas, G. (Cardiff 1973) pp 62-3Google Scholar.

44 Catherine Daniel, ‘Wales: Catholic and Nonconformist’, Blackfriars (March 1957).

45 Catherine Daniel, ‘Catholic Converts in Wales’, The Furrow (April 1956) pp 212-13; Attwater, D., The Catholic Church in Modem Wales (London 1935)Google Scholar.

46 Cited in Irish Anglicanism, 1869-1969, ed Hurley, M. (Dublin 1970)Google Scholar.

47 Ibid p 36.

48 Ibid pp 86-7.

49 McDowell, R. B., The Church of Ireland, 1869-1969 (London 1975)Google Scholar: Akenson, D. H., The Church of Ireland (New Haven / London 1971)Google Scholar.

50 Miller, D. W., Church, State and Nation in Ireland, 1898-1921 (Dublin 1973)Google Scholar and also Larkin, E., ‘Church, State and Nation in modern Ireland’, AHR 80 (1975) pp 1244-76Google Scholar.

51 Cited in Whyte, J. H., Church and State in Modern Ireland, 1923-1970 (Dublin 1971)Google Scholar.

52 Irish Methodism in the Twentieth Century, ed McCrea, A. (Belfast 1931) p 18 Google Scholar. See also Jeffrey, F., Irish Methodism: an historical account of its traditions, theology and influence (Belfast 1964)Google Scholar.

53 Hurley, Irish Anglicanism pp 86-7.

54 ‘The descendants of Scottish settlers under the Stuarts and Cromwells, I have always considered as Englishmen born in Ireland, and the northern counties as a Scotch colony. And yet I am told that this is not the true state of things’ wrote a bewildered Crabb Robinson in 1826 Diary, Reminiscences and Correspondence of Henry Crabb Robinson, ed Sadler, T. 2 vols (London 1872) 2 p 38 Google Scholar.

55 Reid, J. M., Kirk and Nation (London 1960) p 173 Google Scholar.

56 Donaldson, G., Scotland, Church and Nation through six centuries (Edinburgh 1960)Google Scholar.

57 Maclnnes, J., The Evangelical Movement in the Highlands of Scotland, 1688 to 1800 (Aberdeen 1951) p 98 Google Scholar: CfBowen, D. , The Protestant Crusade in Ireland, 1800-1870 (Dublin 1978)Google Scholar: Manx impressions are recorded in Hugh Stowell Brown, ed Caine, W.S (London 1887) pp 1213 Google Scholar.

58 MacInnes, The Evangelical Movement pp 244-5.

59 Ibid p 3.

60 Blundell, O., The Catholic Highlands of Scotland (Edinburgh 1900)Google Scholar. The small contemporary Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland is a highland church, apart from a few congregations in the major cities. See The Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland (Inverness 1965).

61 Handley, J. E., The Irish in Scotland (Glasgow 1964)Google Scholar.

62 Louden, R. S., The True Face of the Kirk: An Examination of the Ethos and Tradition of the Church of Scotland (London 1963) pp 98-9Google Scholar.

63 Report of a Committee to consider Overtures from the Presbytery of Glasgow and from the Synod of Glasgow and Ayr on ‘Irish Immigration’ and the ‘Education (Scotland) Act 1918’ (Edinburgh 1923)Google Scholar.

64 Modern Scottish Catholicism, 1878-1978, ed McRoberts, David (Glasgow 1979)Google Scholar. See also Anson, P. F., The Catholic Church in Modern Scotland (London 1937)Google Scholar.

65 Canning, B. J., Irish-born Secular Priests in Scotland, 1829-1979, (np 1979) pp 394 Google Scholar, 419.

66 Cowan, I. B. and Ervin, S., The Scottish Episcopal Church (Ambler, Pa., 1966)Google Scholar; Drummond, A. L. and Bulloch, J., The Church in Victorian Scotland, 1843-1874 (Edinburgh 1975)Google Scholar; Perry, W., The Oxford Movement in Scotland (Cambridge 1933)Google Scholar.

67 Highet, J., The Churches in Scotland To-day (Glasgow 1950) pp 65-6Google Scholar.

68 Mason, A. J., Memoir of George Howard Wilkinson (London 1910) p 305 Google Scholar.

69 Shaw, T., A History of Cornish Methodism (Truro 1967)Google Scholar: Probert, J. C. C., The Sociology of Cornish Methodism, Cornish Methodist Historical Association, Occasional Publication, 8 (Bodmin 1964)Google Scholar.

70 Mason, Wilkinson p 305.

71 Cited in Highet, The Churches in Scotland p 30.

72 Memoirs of the Life of the Rev. Charles Simeon, ed Carus, W. (London/Cambridge 1847) p 113 Google Scholar.

73 Johnson, J. O., Life and Letters of H. P. Liddon (London 1904) p 15 Google Scholar.

74 Henderson, I., Power Without Glory (London 1967) p 42 Google Scholar.

75 James Cooper, A United Church for the British Empire (1902); The Church Catholic and National (Glasgow 1898); Reunion: a Voice from Scotland (London 1918).

76 Small, M., Growing Together: Some Aspects of the Ecumenical Movement in Scotland, 1924-1964 (Edinburgh 1975)Google Scholar.

77 Spencer, A. E. C. W., ‘Christian Proposals for the Irish ChurchesThe Month (January 1973)Google Scholar; Mackie, S. G., Ireland’s Conflict diminishes me (London 1974)Google Scholar.

78 Kent, J. H. S.Hugh Price Hughes and the Nonconformist Conscience’, Essays in Modem English Church History, ed Bennett, G.V and Walsh, J. D. (London 1966)Google Scholar. For a Welsh contemporary he was ‘Un o Gymry enwocaf yr Oes’ (one of the most celebrated Welshmen of his time), Roberts, J. Price, Hugh Price Hughes, Ei Fywyd a’i Lafur (Bangor 1903)Google Scholar. See Holland, H. Scott, A Bundle of Memories (London nd) p 153 Google Scholar.

79 Translation by Gwyn Thomas in Jones and Thomas, Saunders Lewis p 181.

80 Macquarrie, J., Christian Unity and Christian Diversity (London 1975) pp 12-13Google Scholar.