¹ Resende, André de, Aegidius Scallabitanus: um Diálogo sobre Fr. Gil de Santarém. Estudo Introductorio, Edição Crítica, Tradução e Notas, ed. Pereira, Virgínia da C. Soares (Lisbon, 2000) [hereafter: AS], 498–9 Google Scholar. A version can also be found in ActaSS, 3 May, 400–36. I am responsible for all translations.

² The forerunner of this approach was Magoulias, Henry J., ‘The Lives of the Saints as Sources of Data for the History of Byzantine Medicine in the Sixth and Seventh Centuries’, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 57 (1964), 127–50 CrossRefGoogle Scholar. See also Flint, Valerie I.J., ‘The Early Medieval ‘Medicus’, the Saint – and the Enchanter’, Social History of Medicine 2 (1989), 127–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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⁴ S. Vicente de Lisboa e seus milagres medievais, ed. Nascimento, Aires Augusto and Gomes, Saul António (Lisbon, 1988)Google Scholar [hereafter: Vicente]. The two Latin Vitae date from shortly after 1173 (seventeen miracles) and from the mid-thirteenth century (seven miracles).

⁵ Fernandes, Maria Alice, ‘O Livro dos Milagres dos Santos Mártires (Edição e Estudo)’, unpublished M.A. thesis, University of Lisbon, 1988 Google Scholar. This is a collection of twenty-six miracles recorded in the vernacular during the fifteenth century.

⁶ The Latin AS contains eighty healing miracles. See I. McCleery, ‘Life and Death in Medieval Portugal: the Cult and Miracles of Gil de Santarém’, in Maria João Branco, ed., Shaping the State in Medieval Portugal: Administration, Church and Society (forthcoming).

⁷ Nunes, J. J., ed., ‘Vida e Milagres de Dona Isabel, Rainha de Portugal’, Boletim da Segunda Classe da Academia das Sciências de Lisboa 13 (1918-19), 1293–1384 Google Scholar. Also found in ActaSS, 2 July, 169–213. The Vita was written in the vernacular shortly after Isabel’s death and records twenty miracles.

⁸ AS, 550–3.

⁹ Ibid.

¹⁰ Vicente, 46.

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¹⁷ The condition could have been caused by a number of things. A haemorrhaging nun in the early Middle Ages was said to have ‘suffered from what the doctors call haemorrhoids’: The Life of Saint Leoba, transl. C. H. Talbot, in Thomas F. X. Noble and Thomas Head, eds, Soldiers of Christ: Saints and Saints’ Lives from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (London, 1995), 255–77, 271. This episode is quoted in this volume by Clare Pilsworth, ‘Miracles, Missionaries and Manuscripts in Eighth-Century Southern Germany’, 67–76. For some understanding of the vagueness of ‘women’s problems’ in more recent times see Shorter, Edward, Women’s Bodies: a Social History of Women’s Encounter with Health, Ill-Health and Medicine (London, 1991)Google Scholar.

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²² Ibid., 500–3.

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