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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 January 2016
On 21 February 1900 in St Paul’s Cathedral Bishop Mandell Creighton delivered his first, and what proved to be his last, visitation charge to the clergy of the diocese of London. He began by reflecting briefly on the particular challenges of his own position and of London itself, but quickly moved on to focus on current ecclesiastical controversies, especially the nature of holy communion and the practice of confession. Creighton had been a historian long before he became a bishop, and it was therefore natural that his response to contemporary issues should rapidly move into an insightful lecture on Reformation history. His analysis was both specific and general. For example, he pointed out that breakfast was not normally eaten in medieval and early modern societies and so congregations naturally came fasting to a late morning communion service. In changed social circumstances it would be inappropriate ‘to revive this custom as an absolute law’.
1 Creighton, Mandell, The Church and the Nation: Charges and Addresses, ed. Creighton, Louise (London, 1901), 287–323.Google Scholar
2 Ibid. 308–9.
3 Ibid. 297.
4 Ibid. 298.
5 As dean of St Paul’s and archdeacon of Charing Cross respectively.
6 Most notably in Williams, Rowan, Why Study the Past? The Quest for the Historical Church (London, 2005).Google Scholar
7 RMA Sandhurst, <http://www.army.mod.uk/training_education/training/17057.aspx>, accessed 12 August 2011.
8 This development has been facilitated by further ‘Follow-On’ funding from the AHRC in 2012–13. Their essential support through both grants is most gratefully acknowledged.
9 ‘Building on History: The Church in London’, <http://www.open.ac.uk/arts/building-on-history-project/resource-guide/about.htm>. It is intended that in the longer term this material will be maintained on the LPL website.
10 <http://www.open.ac.uk/arts/building-on-history-project/resource-guide/history-audit.htm>; Evans, Neil and Maiden, John, What Can Churches Learn from their Past? The Parish History Audit (Cambridge, 2012).Google Scholar
11 Bruce, Steve, God is Dead: Secularization in the West (Oxford, 2002).Google Scholar
12 House of Commons Parliamentary Papers 1852–3 [1690], Census of Great Britain, 1851: Religious Worship, England and Wales, Report and Tables (London, 1853); Mudie-Smith, Richard, ed., The Religious Life of London (London, 1904).Google Scholar
13 Important recent studies are Arthur Burns, ed., ‘“My unfortunate parish”: Anglican Urban Ministry in Bethnal Green, 1809–c.1850’, in Barber, Melanie and Taylor, Stephen, eds, intro. Sewell, Gabriel, From the Reformation to the Permissive Society, Church of England Record Society 18 (Woodbridge, 2010), 269–393 Google Scholar; Walford, Rex, The Growth of ‘New London’ in Suburban Middlesex (1918–1945) and the Response of the Church of England (Lampeter, 2007).Google Scholar The Tait phase is the focus of Open University doctoral research by Sarah Flew; see, in this volume, eadem, ‘Money Matters: The Neglect of Finance in the Historiography of Modern Christianity’, 430–43.
14 Cox, Jeffrey, The English Churches in a Secular Society: Lambeth, 1870–1930 (New York, 1982), 93–5 Google Scholar; Davie, Grace, Religion in Modem Europe: A Memory Mutates (Oxford, 2000)Google Scholar; Williams, S. C., Religious Belief and Popular Culture in Southwark, c. 1880–1939 (Oxford, 1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15 Cox, English Churches, 272–3; Walford, Growth of ‘New London’, 213–14.
16 Brown, Callum G., The Death of Christian Britain: Understanding Secularisation 1800–2000, 2nd edn (London, 2009)Google Scholar; Jackson, Bob and Piggot, Alan, ‘Another Capital Idea: Church Growth and Decline in the Diocese of London 2003–2010’, online at: <http://www.london.anglican.org/CapitalIdea>, accessed 23 August 2012.,+accessed+23+August+2012.>Google Scholar
17 Burns, Arthur, The Diocesan Revival in the Church of England c. 1800–1870 (Oxford, 1999). 192–215 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Morrish, P. S., ‘County and Urban Diocese: Nineteenth-Century Discussion on Ecclesiastical Geography’, JEH 26 (1975), 279–300 Google Scholar; Davidson, R.T. and Benham, W., Life of Archibald Campbell Tait, Archbishop of Canterbury, 2 vols (London, 1891), 1: 201–2.Google Scholar
18 In 1850 Bishop Blomfield suggested to the vicar of Willesden that he should collaborate with the vicar of Hendon in the development of a new church for Cricklewood: London, LPL, Blomfield Papers, vol. 51, fols 330–1, Blomfield to Rev. R. W. Burton, 18 August 1851. However, the idea was not pursued, and church extension proceeded through division of the two existing parishes.
19 Bishop Phillpotts’s famous threat to break communion with Archbishop Sumner should he institute Gorham over his head (A Letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury from the Bishop of Exeter [London, 1850], 252) was indicative of the passions aroused by the Gorham case: see Chadwick, Owen, The Victorian Church: Part I, 1829–1859 (London, 1966), 250–71.Google Scholar On ritualism, see Bentley, James, Ritualism and Politics in Victorian Britain: The Attempt to Legislate for Belief (Oxford, 1978)Google Scholar; Janes, Dominic, Victorian Reformation: The Fight over Idolatry in the Church of England 1840–1860 (New York, 2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Wellings, Martin, Evangelicals Embattled: Responses of Evangelicals in the Church of England to Ritualism, Darwinism and Theological Liberalism 1890–1930, SEHT (Carlisle, 2003).Google Scholar
20 Creighton, Church and Nation, 290.
21 Parish of Littlebury Millennium Society, Littlebury: A Parish History (Littlebury, 2005).Google Scholar
23 ‘Church Membership is on the Rise in Ealing’, Ealing Gazette, 7 December 2010.
24 REF 2014, Assessment Framework and Guidance on Submissions (Bristol, 2011), 6.Google ScholarPubMed
25 Wolffe, John and Jackson, Bob, ‘Anglican Resurgence: The Church of England in London’, in Goodhew, David, ed., Church Growth in Britain 1980–2010 (Aldershot, 2012), 23–39 Google Scholar; Wolffe, John, ‘The Chicken or the Egg? Building Churches and Building-Congregations in the Diocese of London’, forthcoming in Material Religion 9 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26 Pace Kent, John, who in The Unacceptable Face: The Modern Church in the Eyes of the Historian (London 1987)Google Scholar argues that church history has remained inappropriately subordinate to theological and ideological agendas.