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Tolerant bishops in an intolerant Church: the Puseyite threat in Ulster

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2016

S. Peter Kerr*
Affiliation:
Lincoln Theological College

Extract

It is surely ironic that while the ‘spoiliation’ of the Irish Church in 1833 provided the initial rallying cry for the Oxford Movement, neither Tractarian spirituality, theology nor its later liturgical innovations ever really took any serious hold on that Church. It is perhaps even more paradoxical to note that though Alexander Knox, one of the forerunners of the movement was a lay member of the Church of Ireland, other sons of that Church, notably Robert Dolling, the notorious ritualist slum-priest; Dowden, the high-church bishop of Edinburgh; and Tyrell, the Catholic modernist, all made their careers outside Ireland. As Bishop Alexander was to comment, perhaps with the more colourful ritualists like Dolling in mind, the Church of Ireland had never to bear the cost of discovering that the liturgy had ‘lips of fire’; though perhaps that is not quite accurate, for, as I hope to show, fear of the heat from those ‘lips of fire’ was to be a major disruptive influence in the life of the Established, and disestablished Church in Ulster.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 1984

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References

1 Newman, J. H., Apologia pro sua vita 1864 (Everyman edn) p 105 Google Scholar. The question of the dependence of the Oxford Movement on Knox is discussed by Y. Brillioth in his Anglican Revival (London 1933) Appendix 1.

2 Journal of the general synod of the Church of Ireland, 1905, p lxvii. Cited in McDowell, [R. B.], The Church of Ireland [1869-1969 (London 1975)] p 25.Google Scholar

3 ‘It was the expressed opinion of one of his friends: “I think that he would never have gone to Ireland, had he not been impelled… by a sense of duty”‘. Mant, [W.], [The] Memoirs [of the Right Reverend Richard Mant (Dublin 1857] p 113.Google Scholar

4 Ecclesiologism Exposed”: the letters of the Rev’d William Mcllwaine as published in the Belfast Commercial Chronicle 1843 pp 62–63.

5 Ibid., p 57.

6 Mant, R., The Laws of the Church (a collection of the Bishop’s charges reprinted in one pamphlet. See W. Mant, Memoirs p 410)Google Scholar.

7 W. Mant, Memoirs p 411.

8 Quoted in the Irish Ecclesiastical Gazette, May 1857.

9 ‘And he undertook “to show, by the adduction of several passages in the Liturgy of the Church … that the doctrine of regeneration by baptism is most clearly asserted by her”, see W. Mant, Memoirs p 87.

10 Mant, R.,Some Particulars in the Ministerial Character and Obligations examined and enforced (Charge 1824) p 47 Google Scholar.

11 Mant, R., Horae Liturgicae (1845)Google Scholar.

12 He was accused of bigotry by the Presbyterian historian Killen, W. D., Ecclesiastical History of Ireland (London 1875) p 474.Google Scholar

13 One of Knox’s opponents in the National Education controversy, Thomas Drew, said of him ‘… I learned that no man is more ready to give full and perfect toleration of the opinions of others who differ from him’. Lee, [A.] [(ed)] Report [of the Proceedings of the Conference of the Clergy and Laity of the United Dioceses of Down, Connor and Dromore (Belfast 1862)] p 101.Google Scholar

14 Dublin Evening Mail, 29 Apr 1862, quoted in the Irish Ecclesiastical Gazette 15 June 1862.

15 Nelson, I., The Year of Delusion (1860) p 208.Google Scholar

16 Lee, A., Report.Google Scholar Topics discussed at the conferences included ‘Church and State’, ‘State Education’ and ‘Movements of Religious Thought in our Church’.

17 Journal of the General Synod of the Church of Ireland, 1890, xliv, quoted in McDowell, R., The Church of Ireland pp 8788.Google Scholar

18 Royal commission on ecclesiatical discipline, minutes of evidence (Cd 3096) pp 231–40, H.C. 1906, xxxiii; also cited by R. McDowell, The Church of Ireland p 86.

19 In a speech at school opening in Belfast he commended the National System of Education as being ‘… the only system suited to the want and requirements of this country …” Dublin Evening Mail, 29 Apr 1862.

20 Alexander, E., Primate Alexander, Archbishop of Armagh (London 1913) p. 69 Google Scholar. Alexander himself writes of how Newman’s sermons showed him ‘the hidden things’ of his own soul, though he later ‘found many drawbacks in his paragon of other years’, p 71.

21 Ibid p 300.

22 Ibid p 125.

23 Ibid p 158.

24 Ibid p 140.

25 Ibid p 152.

26 Patton, H., Fifty Years of Disestablishment (APCK 1922) p 43.Google Scholar

27 Alexander, E., Primate pp 2778 Google Scholar. Alexander was particularly grieved by the Canon forbidding the placing of a cross on the Communion Table, Ibid pp 185–188.

28 Ibid p 147.

29 Ibid p 262.

30 Bishop Mant’s warnings against a mixed chalice, the singing of creeds and excessive kneeling may indicate the presence of some High Church practices in his diocese. R. Mant, Horae Liturgicae p 14, The Revd William Henn was the first clergyman in the Diocese of Derry to give ‘full assent to the propaganda’ (from Oxford), E. Alexander, Primate p 73. The Revd William Mcllwaine, one of Bishop Mant’s most hostile critics, was to become ‘the sole representative of the moderate High Church party’ according to his obituary in The Irish Ecclesiastical Gazette.

31 McDowell, R., The Church of Ireland p 88.Google Scholar

32 Dawson, A., The Annals of Christ Church, Belfast, from its foundation in 1831. Unpublished papers, Northern Ireland Public Records Office, T 1075/11.Google Scholar

33 W. Mant, Memoirs p 421.

34 McIlwaine, W., Ecclesiologism Exposed p 38 (Letter XII)Google Scholar.

35 A. Dawson, Annals.

36 E. Alexander, Primate p 75.

37 McIlwaine, W., Ecclesiologism Exposed p 63.Google Scholar

38 Irish Ecclesiastical Gazette, July 1859.

39 Gibson, W., The Year of Grace (1860) p 408 Google Scholar; C. Seaver, The Ulster Revival (Belfast 1859) pp 7–8; R. Knox, Charge to Diocese of Down, Connor and Dromore 1858 Appendix. A. Dawson, Annals.

40 C. Seaver, The Ulster Revival p 22.

41 The Christian Examiner.

42 Commission of Enquiry into the Riots in Belfast, 1857 & 1864 (1864) pp 250–53.

43 Journal ofthe general synod 1893, pp xiv-lii; also cited in R. B. McDowell, The Church of Ireland p 99.

44 The Rev’d Thomas Drew and the Rev’d William Mcllwaine were particularly singled out for the part they played in inciting Protestants to riot. Commission of Enquiry.

45 Alexander of Derry wrote of the passing of the bill for the Disestablishment and Disendowment of the Irish Church: ‘I can never forget the summer night just after the decision when I reeled out into the cool air almost hearing the crash of a great building’, E. Alexander, Primate p 173.