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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 February 2016
In the history of medieval Bible studies the tenth century in Beryl Smalley’s own words brought a sudden interruption, a dramatic pause, and any reader of her magnum opus must come away with the strong impression of a hiatus between the Carolingian commentators and the great teachers of the eleventh century, Fulbert of Chartres, Berengar of Tours, Drogo of Paris, and Lanfranc. Strangely enough she did not mention Atto of Vercelli’s elaborate and weighty Expositio in Epistolas S. Pauli, written not long after 940, which at least continued and used the massive labours of the ninth-century scholars.
In presenting this study in memory of Beryl Smalley I have ventured on what was in part new ground for me. I am very grateful to Professor Bernhard Bischoff for letting me have an advance copy of his edition of Liudprand’s sermon. My indebtedness to his apparatus criticus will be obvious and is gladly acknowledged. I should like to thank no less Sir Richard Southern, Alexander Murray, and Henrietta and Conrad Leyser for their suggestions, advice, and encouragement.
1 Smalley, Bible, pp. 44-5.
2 Sancti Odonis Abbatis Cluniacensis secundi Opera Omnia, Sermo ii, PL cxxxiii, 721. On Carolingian sermons and homilies see McKitterick, R., The Frankish Church and Carolingian Reforms, 789-895, RHS (London, 1977).Google Scholar
3 Ratherii Veronensis Episcopi Opera Omnia, Sermo iv, PL cxxxvi, 721-2.
4 Attonis Vercellensis Episcopi Opera Omnia, Sermo xii, PL cxxxiv, 849-50.
5 Widukindi Monachi Corbeiensis Rerum Gestarum Saxonicarum Libri Tres, III, 15, ed. P. Hirsch and J.E. Lohmann, MGH SRG, (Hanover, 1935), p. 112.
6 Gerhardi Vita S. Ouldalrici Episcopi, chs. 4, 6, MGH SS, IV, pp. 391, 394.
7 Ruotgeri Vita Brunonis Archiepiscopi Coloniensis, c.33, ed. I. Ott, MGH SRG, ns, X (Weimar, 1951), pp. 33-4. For Willigis see Thietmari Merseburgensis Episcopi Chronicon, III, 5, ed. R. Holtzmann, MGH SRG, ns, IX (Berlin, 1955), p. 102.
8 Thietmar, Chronicon, III, 1, pp. 96-8. For Thietmar’s own preaching see ibid., VI, 70, p. 360.
9 Othloni Vita Sancti Wolfgangi Episcopi, c. 19, MGH SS, IV, p. 535.
10 Lantberti Vita Sancti Heriberti Archiepiscopi, c.9, MGH SS, IV, p. 747.
11 See MGH SS, XV, 2, pp. 742-3, 746-8.
12 Bischoff, B., ‘Eine Osterpredigt Liudprands von Cremona (urn 960)’, in his Anecdota Novissima Texte des vierten bis sechzehnten Jahrhunderts, Quellen und Untersuchungen zur Lateinischen Philologie des Mittelalters, vii (Stuttgart, 1984), pp. 20–34Google Scholar. On the manuscript see also Bischoff, , ‘Über gefaltete Handschriften vornehmlich hagiographischen Inhalts’, in his Mittelalterliche Studien, i (Stuttgart, 1966), pp. 93–100.Google Scholar
13 Daniel, N., Handschriften des zehnten Jahrhunderts aus der Freisinger Dombibliolhek = Münchener Beiträge zur Mediavistik und Renaissance-Forschung, xi, Arbeo-Gesellschaft (Munich, 1973), pp. 105–6.Google Scholar
14 Bischoff, Mittelalterliche Studien, i, p. 93, and Daniel, Handschriften, p. 106.
15 Daniel, Handschriften, pp. 79-87, and esp. p. 83.
16 Fleckenstein, J., Die Hofkapelle der deutschen Könige, ii: Die Hofkapelle im Rahmen der Ottonisch-Salischen Reichskirche, MGH Schriften, XVI/ii (Stuttgart, 1966), pp. 46, 50.Google Scholar
17 Fleckenstein, Hofkapelle, ii, pp. 45-6, but see also p. 216, n. 403, where he thought it very doubtful.
18 Bishop Abraham’s presence appears from Otto I’s diploma for a clerk, Diotpert, dated Regensburg, 961 February 13. See MCH Dip Otto I, no. 221.
19 On Christian-Jewish relations and exchanges in the tenth century see Blumenkranz, B., Juifs et Chrétiens dans le monde occidental 430-1096 = Etudes juives, ii, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (Paris and The Hague, 1960)Google Scholar. For a debate between Church and Synagogue, which the author dates in the middle of the tenth century, see his Les auteurs Chrétiens latins du moyen âge sur les juifs et le judaïsme = Etudes juives, iv (Paris and The Hague, 1963), no. 188. See also Lotter, F., ‘Zu den Anfangen deutsch-jüdischer Symbiose in frühottonischer Zeit’, Archiv für Kul-turgeschichte, 1v (1973), pp. 1–34Google Scholar, and esp. now Wallace-Hadrill, J.M., The Frankish Church (Oxford, 1983), pp. 390–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20 Bischoff, ‘Osterpredigt’, p. 24, lines 12-14.
21 Ibid, pp. 24-5 and notes 5 and 7 for Augustine’s exposition.
22 Ibid., pp. 25-6.
23 Ibid., p. 26, lines 67-9.
24 Ibid., p. 26, lines 85-90.
25 Ibid., pp. 26-7, lines 95-106.
26 Ibid., p. 22.
27 Ibid., p. 28, lines 161-3.
28 Ibid., p. 30, lines 204-6.
29 Ibid., p. 30, lines 215-23.
30 On this see Rivière, J., Le dogme de la rédemption au début du moyen âge, Bibliothèque Thomiste, xix (Paris, 1934), pp. 7–61Google Scholar, and above all Southern, R.W., Saint Anselm and his Biographer A Study of Monastic Life and Thought 1059-c.113O (Cambridge, 1963), pp. 85–7, 93–7.Google Scholar
31 Gisleberti Crispini Disputatio ludei et Christiani et Anonymi Auctoris Disputationis ludei et Christiani Continuatio, ed. B. Blumenkranz, Stromata Patristka et Mediaevalia, iii (Utrecht and Antwerp, 1956), p. 50 and Southern, Saint Anselm, pp. 90-1.
32 ‘Osterpredigt’, p. 30, lines 204-5.
33 Ibid., ‘…ad mortis tenebras in quibus se iuste humanum genus gloriabatur habere … ab immortalis et iusti Dei potentia iuste perderet, quod se iuste possedisse confideret’.
34
Ibid., pp. 30-1, line 233: 
35 Ibid., p. 32, lines 270-1.
36 Ibid., p. 32, lines 293-5.
37 Ibid., p. 33, lines 307-10.
38 Ibid., p. 33, lines 318-27.
39 Ibid., p. 33, lines 327-35. On familiaritas see Leyser, K.J., Medieval Germany and its Neighbours (London, 1982), pp. 75, 94 and esp. 99–100.Google Scholar
40 Luke, xvi. 25.
41 ’Osterpredigt’, p. 34, lines 345-6, 354-6.
42 Annales Sangallenses Maiores, 959 (960), MGH SS, I, p. 79.
43 On tenth-century almsgiving see Leyser, , ‘The German Aristocracy from the Ninth to the Early Twelfth Century’, PP, xli (1968), p. 26Google Scholar and Medieval Germany, p. 162.
44 Wattenbach, W., Holtzmann, R., Deutschlands Geschichtsquellen im Mittelalter Deutsche Kaiserzeit, i, 2, 2nd ed. (Tübingen, 1948), p. 320.Google Scholar
45 Beumann, H., ‘Der Schriftsteller und seine Kritiker im frühen Mittelalter’, Studium Generale, xii, (Berlin, Heidelberg, and New York, 1959), pp. 502–4Google Scholar and his Wissenschaft vom Mittelalter (Cologne and Vienna, 1972), pp. 21-4.
46 Auerbach, E., Literary Language and its Public in Late Latin Antiquity and in the Middle Ages, translated from the German by Manheim, R. (London, 1965), p. 153.Google Scholar
47 Die Werke Liudprands von Cremona, 3rd ed. J. Becker, MGH SRG (Hanover and Leipzig, 1915), pp. xiii-xiv, xvii, xx.
48 Hauck, K., ‘Erzbischof Adalbert von Magdeburg als Geschichtsschreiber’, Fest schrift für Walter Schlesinger, ii, ed. Beumann, H., Mitteldeutsche Forschungen, 74/II (Cologne and Vienna, 1974), pp. 298–305.Google Scholar
49 See Antapodosis, p. 1 and I, 1, p. 4 in Die Werke, as n. 47, above.
50 On Liudprand’s encounter with Recemund see Becker’s Introduction, Werke, pp. viii-ix. For ‘utilis comoediarum risus’ see Antapodosis, I, 1, p. 4, and see Beumann, Wissenschaft, p. 24.
51 ‘Osterpredigt’, pp. 22, 28, line 162; Antapodosis, III, 47, p. 99, further IV, 12, p. m and also IV, p. 120, an important example, not indexed.
52 Antapodosis, II, 46, p. 58.
53 Anapodosis, IV, 24, pp. 117-18, Widukind, Res Gestae Saxonicae, II, 17, pp. 82-3, and see Köpke, R. and Dümmler, E., Kaiser Otto der Groβe, Jahrbücher der Deutschen Geschichte (Leipzig, 1876), pp. 82–4Google Scholar and Hauck, ‘Erzbischof Adalbert’, p. 304.
54 Antapodosis, IV, 26, pp. 120-2. On the medieval interpretation of John, xx. 24-9 and its history see Pflugk, U., ‘Die Geschichte vom ungläubigen Thomas (Johannes 20, 24-29) in der Auslegung der Kirche von den Anfängen bis zur Mitte des sechzehnten Jahrhunderts’ (unpub. dissertation, Hamburg, 1965), esp. pp. 116, 126, 141Google Scholar. He does not comment on Liudprand’s use of the story, though, and leaves a notable gap between the ninth and the twelfth century in his survey. I am greatly indebted to Alexander Murray for enabling me to read this work.
55 Antapodosis, IV, 28, p. 123 and cf. Einhardi Vita Karoli Magni, chs. 7, 8, 6th ed. O. Holder-Egger, MGH SRG (Hanover and Leipzig, 1911), pp. 10-11.
56 Antapodosis, IV, 27, 28, pp. 122-4.
57 Ibid., IV, 29, pp. 124-5.
58 Ibid., VI, 10, p. 158.