Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T17:08:26.387Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Circus That Wasn't: The Republican Party's Quest for Order in California's 2003 Gubernatorial Recall Election

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2021

Seth E. Masket*
Affiliation:
University of Denver, CO, USA
*
Seth E. Masket, University of Denver, Department of Political Science, 469 Sturm Hall, 2000 E. Asbury Avenue, Denver, CO 80208 Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Contrary to media reports, California's 2003 recall election was anything but a circus. Despite the presence of 135 candidates, just 3 managed to split 94% of the vote, and the winner came close to achieving a majority. In this article, the author uses elite interviews and a social network analysis of campaign donations to study how the Republican Party sought to impose order on the potentially chaotic political environment. The author finds that a network of Republican donors, activists, and officeholders coordinated their efforts to advantage Arnold Schwarzenegger and pressure other Republicans out of the race.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alvarez, R. Michael, Goodrich, Melanie, Hall, Thad E., Roderick Kiewiet, D., and Sled, Sarah M.. 2004. “The Complexity of the California Recall Election.” PS: Political Science & Politics 37:2326.Google Scholar
Alvarez, R. Michael, and Roderick Kiewiet, D.. 2009. “Rationality and Rationalistic Choice in the California Recall.” British Journal of Political Science 39:267–90.Google Scholar
Ansolabehere, Stephen, Snyder, James M. Jr., and Stewart, Charles III. 2001. “Candidate Positioning in U.S. House Elections.” American Journal of Political Science 45:136–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barreto, Matt A., and Ramírez, Ricardo. 2004. “Minority Participation and the California Recall: Latino, Black, and Asian Voting Trends, 1990–2003.” PS: Political Science & Politics 37:1114.Google Scholar
Barreto, Matt A., Streb, Matthew J., Marks, Mara, and Guerra, Fernando. 2006. “Do Absentee Voters Differ from Polling Place Voters.” Public Opinion Quarterly 70:224–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bawn, Kathleen, Cohen, Marty, Karol, David, Masket, Seth, Noel, Hans, and Zaller, John. 2006. “A Theory of Political Parties.” Paper presented at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Bernstein, Jonathan. 1999. “The Expanded Party in American Politics.” PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Block, A. G. 2002. “A Come-from-Behind Win; Simon Takes Riordan with Help from Davis.” San Diego Union-Tribune, March 10.Google Scholar
Canes-Wrone, Brandice, Brady, David W., and Cogan, John F.. 2002. “Out of Step, Out of Office: Electoral Accountability and House Members' Voting.” American Political Science Review 96:127–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Marty, Karol, David, Noel, Hans, and Zaller, John. 2008. The Party Decides: Presidential Nominations before and after Reform. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doherty, Joseph William. 2006. “The Candidate-Consultant Network in California Legislative Campaigns: A Social Network Analysis of Informal Party Organization.” PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Dominguez, Dominguez Casey Byrne. 2005. “Before the Primary: Party Participation in Congressional Nominating Processes.” PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Duverger, Maurice. 1954. Political Parties. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Halberstam, David. 1993. The Fifties. 1st large print ed. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Hanneman, Robert A., and Riddle, Mark. 2005. Introduction to Social Network Methods. Riverside: University of California, Riverside.Google Scholar
Ho, Daniel E., and Imai, Kosuke. 2006. “Randomization Inference with Natural Experiments: An Analysis of Ballot Effects in the 2003 California Recall Election.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 101 (475): 888900..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hussey, Wesley. 2004. “Donkeys and Elephants, but No Circus: The 2003 California Recall.” Paper presented at 2004 Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago.Google Scholar
Koger, Gregory, Masket, Seth E., and Noel, Hans. 2009. “Partisan Webs: Information Exchange and Party Networks.” British Journal of Political Science 39:633–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kousser, Thad. 2004. “The California Governor's Recall.” Spectrum: The Journal of State Politics 77:3236.Google Scholar
Kousser, Thad, Lewis, Jeffrey B., and Masket, Seth E.. 2007. “Ideological Adaptation? The Survival Instinct of Threatened Legislators.” Journal of Politics 69:828–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lesher, David. 2003. “Recall Reality.” California Journal 54 (10), October 1st p. 20.Google Scholar
Maeshiro, Karen. 2003. “A.V. Rally Backs Arnold; GOP Competitors Urged to Drop Out.” Daily News of Los Angeles, August 28.Google Scholar
Marinucci, Carla, and Wildermuth, John. 2003. “GOP Presses Actor's Rivals to Quit.” San Francisco Chronicle, August 15, A1.Google Scholar
Masket, Seth E. 2007. “It Takes an Outsider: Extralegislative Organization and Partisanship in the California Assembly, 1849–2006.” American Journal of Political Science 51 (3): 482–97..CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masket, Seth E. 2009. No Middle Ground: How Informal Party Organizations Control Nominations and Polarize Legislatures. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masket, Seth E., and Noel, Hans. Forthcoming. “Serving Two Masters: Using Referenda to Assess Partisan vs. Dyadic Legislative Representation.” Political Research Quarterly.Google Scholar
Mathews, Joe. 2006. The People's Machine: Arnold Schwarzenegger and the Rise of Blockbuster Democracy. New York: Public Affairs.Google Scholar
McDonald, Michael P. 2003. “California Recall Voting: Nuggets of California Gold for Voting Behavior.” The Forum 1 (4): article 6. http://www.bepress.com/forum/vol1/iss4/art6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
The Onion. 2003. “Muscleman Put in Charge of World's Fifth-Largest Economy.” October 22.Google Scholar
Schattschneider, Elmer E. 1942. Party Government. Westport, CT: Greenwood.Google Scholar
Schrager, Adam. 2008. The Principled Politician: The Ralph Carr Story. Golden, CO: Fulcrum.Google Scholar
Schwartz, Mildred A. 1990. The Party Network: The Robust Organization of Illinois Republicans. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Shaw, Daron, McKenzie, Mark J., and Underwood, Jeffrey. 2005. “Strategic Voting in the California Recall Election.” American Politics Research 33:216–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spagat, Elliot. 2003. “Congressman Who Bankrolled Recall Drops Out, Others Pick up Papers.” Associated Press, August 8.Google Scholar
Weintraub, Daniel. 2002. “Just a Man: Bill Jones Is California's Bob Dole.” Sacramento Bee, March 3.Google Scholar
Wildermuth, John. 2003a. “Davis Winning the Race for Money; Actor's GOP Rivals Urged to Drop out by Key Group.” San Francisco Chronicle, August 23, A1.Google Scholar
Wildermuth, John. 2003b. “Schwarzenegger's GOP Rivals Quitting.” San Francisco Chronicle, August 8, A1.Google Scholar
Wright, Gerald C., and Berkman, Michael B.. 1986. “Candidates and Policy in United States Senate Elections.” American Political Science Review 80:567–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, Gerald C., and Schaffner, Brian F.. 2002. “The Influence of Party: Evidence from the State Legislatures.” American Political Science Review 96 (2): 367–79..CrossRefGoogle Scholar