Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-k7p5g Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-08T17:38:50.088Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Reliability and Sources of Validity Evidence of the Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire-Abbreviated (ESQUIZO-Q-A)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2013

Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero ,
Serafín Lemos-Giráldez ,
Mercedes Paino ,
Marta Santarén-Rosell ,
Susana Sierra-Baigrie  and
José Muñiz
Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero*
Affiliation:
Universidad de La Rioja (Spain)
Serafín Lemos-Giráldez
Affiliation:
Universidad de Oviedo (Spain)
Mercedes Paino
Affiliation:
Universidad de Oviedo (Spain)
Marta Santarén-Rosell
Affiliation:
Universidad de La Rioja (Spain)
Susana Sierra-Baigrie
Affiliation:
Universidad de Oviedo (Spain)
José Muñiz
Affiliation:
Universidad de Oviedo (Spain)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero. Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de La Rioja. C/ Luis de Ulloa, s/n, Edificio VIVES. CP 26002, Logroño-La Rioja (Spain). Phone: +34-941299 309. Fax: +34-941299333. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The main goal of this research was to examine the reliability and different sources of validity evidence of the Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire-Abbreviated (ESQUIZO-Q-A) in nonclinical adolescents. The final sample was made up of 1,455 participants, 705 males (48.5%), with a mean age of 15.92 years (SD = 1.18). The internal consistency of the subscales ranged from .62 to .75. The analysis of its internal structure yielded a three-dimensional solution based on the dimensions: Reality Distortion, Anhedonia, and Interpersonal Disorganization. Likewise, the goodness-of-fit indices derived from the Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the hypothesized three-factor model were adequate. The three dimensions of the ESQUIZO-Q-A were significantly correlated with the subscales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The ESQUIZO-Q is a brief and simple self-report with adequate psychometric properties for the assessment of schizotypal traits in nonclinical adolescent populations. Future research should continue to explore the metric quality of the ESQUIZO-Q-A (e.g., sensitivity and specificity) and incorporate the new advances in psychological and educational assessment such as Computerized Adaptive Testing.

El principal objetivo de esta investigación fue examinar la fiabilidad y la obtención de diferentes evidencias de validez del Cuestionario Oviedo para la Evaluación de la Esquizotipia-Abreviado (ESQUIZO-Q-A) en adolescentes no clínicos. La muestra final la formaron un total de 1455 participantes, 705 varones, con una edad media de 15,92 años (DT = 1,18). Los niveles de consistencia interna para las subescalas del ESQUIZO-Q-A oscilaron entre 0,62 y 0,75. El análisis de la estructura interna arrojó una solución tridimensional concretada en las dimensiones: Distorsión de la Realidad, Anhedonia y Desorganización Interpersonal. Asimismo, los índices de bondad de ajuste derivados del análisis factorial confirmatorio para el modelo tridimensional hipotetizado fueron adecuados. Las tres dimensiones del ESQUIZO-Q-A correlacionaron significativamente con las subesalas del Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. El ESQUIZO-Q-A es un autoinforme breve y sencillo con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para la valoración de los rasgos esquizotípicos en población no clínica. Futuras investigaciones deberían continuar examinando la calidad métrica del ESQUIZO-Q-A (p. ej., sensibilidad y especificidad) e incorporar los nuevos avances en la evaluación psicológica y educativa como los tests adaptativos computerizados.

Keywords

schizotypypsychosis pronenessschizotypalself-reportESQUIZO-Q-Aadolescentsesquizotipiapropensión a la psicosisesquizotípicaautoinformeESQUIZO-Q-Aadolescentes
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , July 2012 , pp. 840 - 849
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders (4th Ed. revised). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Armando, M., Nelson, B., Yung, A. R., Ross, M., Birchwood, M., Girardi, P., & Nastro, P. F. (2010). Psychotic-like experiences and correlation with distress and depressive symptoms in a community sample of adolescents and young adults. Schizophrenia Research, 119, 258–265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.03.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bones Rocha, K., Pérez, K., Rodríguez-Sanz, M., Borrell, C., & Obiols, J. E. (2010). Prevalencia de problemas de salud mental y su asociación con variables socioeconó micas, de trabajo y salud: Resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de España [Prevalence of mental health problems and their association with socioeconomic, work and health variables: Findings from the Spain National Health Survey]. Psicothema, 22, 389–395.Google Scholar
Bora, E., & Arabaci, L. A. (2009). Effect of age and gender on schizotypal personality traits in the normal population. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 63, 663–669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.02011.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bourdon, K. H., Goodman, R., Rae, D. S., Simpson, G., & Koretz, D. S. (2005). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: U.S. normative data and psychometric properties. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 557–564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000159157.57075.c8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cyhlarova, E., & Claridge, G. (2005). Development of a version of the Schizotypy Traits Questionnaire (STA) for screening children. Schizophrenia Research, 80, 253–261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2005.07.037CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chapman, J. P., Chapman, L. J., & Kwapil, T. R. (1995). Scales for the measurement of schizotypy. In Raine, A., Lencz, T., & Mednick, S. A. (Eds.), Schizotypal Personality (pp. 79–106). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dominguez, M. G., Wichers, M., Lieb, R., Wittchen, H. -U., & van Os, J. (2011). Evidence that onset of clinical psychosis is an outcome of progressively more persistent subclinical psychotic experiences: An 8-Year Cohort Study. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 37, 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbp022CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Lemos-Giráldez, S., Paino, M., Villazón-García, U., & Muñiz, J. (2009). Validation of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Brief form in adolescents. Schizophrenia Research, 111, 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2009.03.006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Lemos-Giráldez, S., Paíno, M., Sierra-Baigrie, S., Santarén-Rosell, M., & Muñiz, J. (2011). Internal structure and reliability of the Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire (ESQUIZO-Q). International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 11, 385–402.Google Scholar
Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Linscott, R. J., Lemos-Giráldez, S., Paino, M., & Muñiz, J. (2010). Psychometric properties of two measures for the assessment of schizotypy in adolescents. Psychiatry Research, 179, 165–170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2009.02.012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Muñiz, J., Lemos-Giráldez, S., Paino, M., & Villazón-García, U. (2010). ESQUIZO-Q: Cuestionario Oviedo para la Evaluación de la Esquizotipia [ESQUIZO-Q: Oviedo SchizotypyAssessment Questionnaire]. Madrid, Spain: TEA Ediciones S.A.Google Scholar
Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Paino, M., Lemos-Giráldez, S., García-Cueto, E., Campillo-Álvarez, A., Villazón-García, U., & Muñiz, J. (2008). Schizotypy assessment: State of the art and future prospects. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 8, 577–593.Google Scholar
Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Paino, M., Lemos-Girádez, S., & Muñiz, J. (2011). Prevalencia de la sintomatología emocional en adolescentes españoles a través del Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) [Prevalence of emotional and behavioral symptoms in Spanish adolescents using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)]. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 16, 17–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Paino, M., Lemos-Giráldez, S., Sierra-Baigrie, S., & Muñiz, J. (2010). Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales across gender and age. The Spanish Journal of Psychology 13, 939–948.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Paino, M., Lemos-Giráldez, S., Sierra-Baigrie, S., Ordoñez-Camblor, N., & Muñiz, J. (2011). Early psychopathological features in Spanish adolescents. Psicothema, 23, 87–93.Google ScholarPubMed
Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Paino, M., Lemos-Giráldez, S., Vallina-Fernández, O., & Muñiz, J. (2010). ESQUIZO-Q: Un instrumento para la valoracióndel “alto riesgo psicométrico” a la psicosis [ESQUIZO-Q: An instrument for the assessment of “psychometric high risk” for psychosis]. Clínica y Salud, 21, 5–12.Google Scholar
Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Paino, M., Lemos-Giráldez, S., Villazón-García, U., García-Cueto, E., Bobes, J., & Muñiz, J. (2009). Versión reducida del Cuestionario TPSQ de Estilos Perceptuales y de Pensamiento [Areduced version of the Thinking and Perceptual Style Questionnaire (TPSQ)]. Psicothema, 21, 499–505.Google ScholarPubMed
Fossati, A., Raine, A., Carretta, I., Leonardi, B., & Maffei, C. (2003). The three-factor model of schizotypal personality: Invariance across age and gender. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 1007–1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00314-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gooding, D. C., Tallent, K. A., & Matts, C. W. (2005). Clinical status of at-risk individuals 5 years later: Further validation of the psychometric high-risk strategy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 170–175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.114.1.170CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodman, R. (1997). The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: Aresearch note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 581–586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, R. (2001). Psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1337–1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200111000-00015CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jöreskorg, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8 user's reference guide. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International.Google Scholar
Kwapil, T. R., Barrantes Vidal, N., & Silvia, P. J. (2008). The dimensional structure of the Wisconsin schizotypy scales: Factor identification and construct validity. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34, 444–457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbm098CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaymaz, N., Drukker, M., Lieb, R., Wittchen, H.U., Werbeloff, N., Weiser, M., … van Os, J. (in press). Do subthreshold psychotic experiences predict clinical outcomes in unselected non-help-seeking population-based samples? A systematic review and meta-analysis, enriched with new results. Psychological Medicine.Google Scholar
Lenzenweger, M. E. (2010). Schizotypy and schizophrenia: The view from experimental psychopathology. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Lenzenweger, M. F., McLachlan, G., & Rubin, D. B. (2007). Resolving the latent structure of schizophrenia endophenotypes using expectation-maximization-based finite mixture modeling. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.116.1.16CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liddle, P. (1987). The symptoms of chronic schizophrenia: A reexamination of the positive-negative dichotomy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 145–151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.151.2.145CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meehl, P. E. (1962). Schizotaxia, schizotypy, schizophrenia. American Psychologist, 17, 827–838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0041029CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olivares, J., Sánchez-García, R., López-Pina, J. A., & Rosa-Alcázar, A. I. (2010). Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for children in a Spanish sample. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13, 961–969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pérez-Álvarez, M. (2012). Esquizofrenia y cultura moderna: Razones de la locura [Schizophrenia and modern culture: Reasons for insanity]. Psicothema, 24, 1–9.Google Scholar
Poulton, R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Cannon, M., Murray, R., & Harrington, H. (2000). Children's self-reported psychotic symptoms and adult schizophreniform disorder: A 15-year longitudinal study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 1053–1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.57.11.1053CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raine, A. (1991). The SPQ: A scale for the assessment of schizotypal personality based on DSM-III-R criteria. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 17, 555–564.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raine, A. (2006). Schizotypal personality: Neurodevelopmental and psychosocial trajectories. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2, 291–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.2.022305.095318CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raine, A., Reynolds, C., Lencz, T., Scerbo, A., Triphon, N., & Kim, D. (1994). Cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganized features of schizotypal personality. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20, 191–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rawlings, D., & MacFarlane, C. (1994). A multidimensional schizotypal traits questionnaire for young adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 17, 489–496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(94)90086-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruchkin, V., Jones, S., Vermeiren, R., & Schwab-Stone, M. (2008). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: The self-report version inAmerican urban and suburban youth. Psychological Assessment, 20, 175–182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.20.2.175CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (2006). SPSS Base 15.0 User's Guide. Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc.Google Scholar
van Os, J., Linscott, R. J., Myin-Germeys, I., Delespaul, P., & Krabbendam, L. (2009). Asystematic review and meta-analysis of the psychosis continuum: Evidence for a psychosis proneness-persistence-impairment model of psychotic disorder. Psychological Medicine, 39, 179–195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291708003814CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welham, J., Scott, J., Williams, G., Najman, J., Bor, W., O'Callaghan, M., & McGrath, J. (2009). Emotional and behavioural antecedents of young adults who screen positive for non-affective psychosis: A 21-year birth cohort study. Psychological Medicine, 39, 625–634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291708003760CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wuthrich, V., & Bates, T. C. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis of the three-factor structure of the schizotypal personality questionnaire and Chapman schizotypy scales. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87, 292–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8703_10CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yung, A. R., Nelson, B., Baker, K., Buckby, J. A., Baksheev, G., & Cosgrave, E. M. (2009). Psychotic-like experiences in a community sample of adolescents: Implications for the continuum model of psychosis and prediction of schizophrenia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43, 118–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670802607188CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wigman, J. T., Vollebergh, W. A., Raaijmakers, Q. A., Iedema, J., van Dorsselaer, S., Ormel, J., … & van Os, J. (2011). The structure of the extended psychosis phenotype in early adolescence—A cross-sample replication. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 37, 850–870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbp154CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed