Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T08:20:02.211Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Validation of a New Instrument for Self-care in Spanish Palliative Care Professionals Nationwide

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 September 2015

Laura Galiana ,
Amparo Oliver ,
Noemí Sansó  and
Enric Benito
Laura Galiana*
Affiliation:
Universidad de Valencia (Spain)
Amparo Oliver
Affiliation:
Universidad de Valencia (Spain)
Noemí Sansó
Affiliation:
Universidad de las Islas Baleares (Spain)
Enric Benito
Affiliation:
Estrategia Balear de Cuidados Paliativos (Spain)
*
*Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Laura Galiana. Universidad de Valencia (Spain). E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Self-care is a cornerstone issue for those who deal with stressful events, as it is the case of palliative care professionals. It has been related to awareness, coping with death and quality of life, among others, but no measurement instruments have been used in palliative care professionals. This research presents and validates a brief new measure with clinical and psychometric good properties, called Professional Self-Care Scale (PSCS). The PSCS assesses professionals’ self-care in three areas: physical self-care, inner self-care, and social self-care. Data come from a cross-sectional survey in a sample of 385 professionals of palliative care. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Coping with Death Scale, and the Professional’s Quality of Life measure were also used. Results of the CFA showed adequate fit (χ2(24, N = 385) = 140.66, p < .01; CFI = .91; GFI = .93; SRMR = .09; and RMSEA = .10). Evidence pointed better reliability indices for the 3-item physical and inner factors of self-care than for the social dimension (Rho and GLB of .64, .90, and .57, respectively). Evidence regarding validity was consistent with previous literature. When levels of self-care were examined, women showed higher levels of inner and social self-care (F(3, 371) = 3.19, p = .02, η2 = .03, as also did psychologists when compared to doctors and nurses (F(9, 1074) = 2.00, p = .04, η2 = .02. The PSCS has shown adequate psychometric properties, and thus it could be used as diagnostic instrument when studying professionals’ health.

Keywords

self-carequality of lifehealth professionalsstructural equation modelingProfessional Self-Care Scale (PSCS)
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 18 , 2015 , E67
Copyright
Copyright © Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, R. E., Figley, C. R., & Boscarino, J. A. (2008). The Compassion Fatigue Scale: Its use with social workers following urban disaster. Research on Social Work Practice, 18, 238–250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731507310190 Google Scholar
Aitken, C., Power, R., & Dwyer, R. (2008). A very low response rate in an on-line survey of medical practitioners. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 32, 288–289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008.00232.x Google Scholar
Alkema, K., Linton, J. M., & Davies, R. (2008). A study of the relationship between self-care, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout among hospice professionals. Journal of Social Work in End-Of-Life & Palliative Care, 4, 101–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15524250802353934 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aycock, N., & Boyle, D. (2009). Interventions to manage compassion fatigue in oncology nursing. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 13, 183–191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1188/09.CJON.183-191 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barnard, D., Street, A., & Love, A. W. (2006). Relationships between stressors, work supports, and burnout among cancer nurses. Cancer Nursing, 29, 338–345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002820-200607000-00013 Google Scholar
Bugen, L. A. (1980–81). Coping: Effects of death education. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying, 11, 175–183.Google Scholar
Čančer, V., & Žižek, S. S. (2015). A proposed approach to the assessment of psychological well-being in organizations. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 10, 217–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11482-014-9308-4.Google Scholar
Cebolla, A., Luciano, J. V., DeMarzo, M. P., Navarro-Gil, M., & Campayo, J. G. (2013). Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) in patients with fibromyalgia. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 11, 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-11-6 Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D. V. (1994). Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology. Psychological Assessment, 6, 284–290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.6.4.284 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2 nd Ed.). New Jersey, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155 Google Scholar
Dalal, D. K., & Carter, N. T. (2015). Negatively worded items negative impact survey research. In Lance, L. E. & Vandenberg, R. J. (Eds.), More statistical myths & urban legends (pp.112–132). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Finney, S. J., & Di Stefano, C. (2006). Non-normal and categorical data in SEM. In Hancock, G. R., , G. R. & Mueller, R. O. (eds.) Structural equation modeling: A second course. Greenwich, CO: Information Age Publishing.Google Scholar
Gibb, J., Cameron, I. M., Hamilton, R., Murphy, E., & Naji, S. (2010). Mental health nurses' and allied health professionals' perceptions of the role of the Occupational Health Service in the management of work-related stress: How do they self-care? Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 17, 838–845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2010.01599.x Google Scholar
Harr, C. (2013). Promoting workplace health by diminishing the negative impact of compassion fatigue and increasing compassion satisfaction. Social Work & Christianity, 40, 71–88.Google Scholar
Harrison, R. L., & Westwood, M. J. (2009). Preventing vicarious traumatization of mental health therapists: Identifying protective practices. Psychotherapy, 46, 203–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0016081 Google Scholar
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut-off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joreskog, K. G., & Sorbom, D. (1986). LISREL VI: Analysis of linear structural relationships by maximum likelihood, instrumental variables, and least squares methods (4 th Ed.). Uppsala, Sweden: University of Uppsala, Department of Statistics.Google Scholar
Kearney, M. K., Weininger, R. B., Vachon, M. L. S., Harrison, R. L., & Mount, B. M. (2009). Self-care of physicians caring for patients at the end of life. “Being connected… A key to my survival”. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 301, 1155–1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.352 Google Scholar
Khagram, L., Martin, C. R., Davies, M. J., & Speight, J. (2013). Psychometric validation of the Self-Care Inventory-Revised (SCI-R) in UK adults with type 2 diabetes using data from the AT.LANTUS Follow-on study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 11, 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-11-24 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Mesquita, C. C., Ribeiro, J. C., & Moreira, P. (2012). An exercise program improves health-related quality of life of workers. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 7, 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11482-011-9161-7 Google Scholar
Messick, S. (1998). Consequences of test interpretation and use: The fusion of validity and values in psychological assessment. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Services. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2333-8504.1998.tb01797.x Google Scholar
O’Connor, M. F. (2001). On the etiology and effective management of professional distress and impairment among psychologists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 32, 345–350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0735-7028.32.4.345 Google Scholar
Pender, N. J. (1996). Health promotion in nursing practice (3 rd Ed.). Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange.Google Scholar
Penderell, A., & Brazil, K. (2010). The spirit of palliative practice: A qualitative inquiry into the spiritual journey of palliative care physicians. Palliative and Supportive Care, 8, 415–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1478951510000271 Google Scholar
Peters, L., Cant, R., Sellick, K., O'Connor, M., Lee, S., Burney, S., & Karimi, L. (2012). Is work stress in palliative care nurses a cause for concern? A literature review. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 18, 561–567. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2012.18.11.561 Google Scholar
Puchalski, C. M., & Guenther, M. (2012). Restoration and re-creation: Spirituality in the lives of healthcare professionals. Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care, 6, 254–258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/SPC.0b013e3283522223 Google Scholar
Raykov, T. (2004). Behavioral scale reliability and measurement invariance evaluation using latent variable modeling. Behavioral Therapy, 35, 299–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80041-8 Google Scholar
Richards, K. C., Campenni, C. E., & Muse-Burke, J. L. (2010). Self-care and wellbeing in mental health professionals: The mediating effects of self-awareness and mindfulness. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 32, 247–264.Google Scholar
Rodrigues, A. R., Carneseca, E. C., Paiva, C. E., & Ribeiro, B. S. R. (2014). Impact of a physical activity program on the anxiety, depression, occupational stress and burnout syndrome of nursing professionals. Revista Latino- Americana de Enfermagem, 22, 332–336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3307.2420 Google Scholar
Saakvitne, K. W., & Pearlman, L. A. (1996). Transforming the pain: A workbook on vicarious traumatization. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Sansó, N., Galiana, L., Oliver, A., Pascual, A., Sinclair, S., & Benito, E. (in press). Palliative care professionals' inner life: Exploring the relationships among awareness, self-care and compassion satisfaction and fatigue, burn out, and coping with death. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 50, 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.02.013 Google Scholar
Santor, D. A., Haggerty, J. L., Lévesque, J. F., Burge, F., Beaulieu, M. D., Gass, D., & Pineault, R. (2011). An overview of confirmatory factor analysis and item response analysis applied to instruments to evaluate primary healthcare. Healthcare Policy, 7, 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12927/hcpol.2011.22694 Google Scholar
Schure, M. B., Christopher, J., & Christopher, S. (2008). Mind-body medicine and the art of self-care: Teaching mindfulness to counseling students through yoga, meditation, and qigong. Journal of Counseling and Development, 86, 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2008.tb00625.x Google Scholar
Shanafelt, T. D., Novonty, P., Johnson, M. E., Zhao, X., Steensma, D. P., Lacy, M. Q. … Sloan, J. (2005). The well-being and personal wellness promotion strategies of medical oncologists in the North Central Cancer Treatment Group. Oncology, 68, 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000084519 Google Scholar
Stamm, . (2010). Compassion satisfaction and fatigue subscales – Version IV. Pocatello, ID: ProQOL.org. Retrieved from http://www.proqol.org/uploads/ProQol_vIV_Spanish_Oct05.pdf Google Scholar
Stansfeld, S. A., Shipley, M. J., Head, J., Fuhrer, R., & Kivimaki, M. (2013). Work characteristics and personal social support as determinants of subjective well-being. PLoS One, 8, e81115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081115 Google Scholar
Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. New York, NY: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Tomás, J. M., Oliver, A., Galiana, L., Sancho, P., & Lila, M. (2013). Explaining method effects associated with negatively worded items in trait and state global and domain-specific self-esteem scales. Structural Equation Modeling, 20, 299–313.Google Scholar
White, A., South, J., Bagnall, A. M., Forshaw, M., Spoor, C., Marchant, P., & Witty, K. (2012). The self-care for people initiative: The outcome evaluation. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 13, 382–394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S146342361200014X Google Scholar
World Health Organisation (WHO). (1948). Constitution of the World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.Google Scholar
World Health Organisation (WHO). (1983). Health education in self-care: Possibilities and limitations. Report of a scientific consultation. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.Google Scholar
Yong, J., Kim, J., Park, J., Seo, I., & Swinton, J. (2011). Effects of a spirituality training program on the spiritual and psychosocial well-being of hospital middle manager nurses in Korea. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 42, 280–288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00220124-20101201-04 Google Scholar