Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T21:04:28.698Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Self-Concept, Self-Esteem and Psychopathological Symptoms in Persons with Intellectual Disability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2014

Maite Garaigordobil  and
José Ignacio Pérez
Maite Garaigordobil*
Affiliation:
Universidad del País Vasco
José Ignacio Pérez
Affiliation:
Universidad del País Vasco
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Maite Garaigordobil, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del País Vasco, Avda. de Tolosa 70, 20018 San Sebastián. (Spain). Phone: 943-015634. Fax: 943-015670. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The purpose of this study is two-fold: (a) to analyze self-concept, self-esteem, and psychopathological symptoms in individuals with and without intellectual disability; and (b) to explore whether there were gender differences in these same variables in both groups. The sample is made up of 170 participants aged 19 to 40, 128 without disability and 42 with intellectual disability. The methodology is descriptive. To measure the variables, three assessment instruments were applied: the “Listado de adjetivos para la evaluación del autoconcepto en adolescentes y adultos” (LAEA; Garaigordobil, in press), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE; Rosenberg, 1965), and the Revised Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90; Derogatis, 1983). The ANOVA showed that participants with intellectual disability scored significantly lower in self-concept and self-esteem, and higher in all the psychopathological symptoms except for somatization. The ANOVA did not reveal significant gender differences in any variables in either of the two groups.

El estudio tuvo dos objetivos: (a) analizar el autoconcepto, la autoestima y diversos síntomas psicopatológicos en personas con y sin discapacidad intelectual; y (b) explorar la existencia de diferencias de género en autoconcepto, autoestima y síntomas psicopatológicos en ambos grupos. La muestra está configurada con 170 participantes de 19 a 40 años, 128 sin discapacidad y 42 con discapacidad intelectual. El estudio empleó una metodología descriptiva. Para medir las variables se aplicaron tres instrumentos de evaluación: “Listado de adjetivos para la evaluación del autoconcepto en adolescentes y adultos” (LAEA; Garaigordobil, en prensa), la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (EA; Rosenberg, 1965), y el Listado de Síntomas-90-Revisado (SCL-90-R; Derogatis, 1983). Los resultados del ANOVA muestran que las personas con discapacidad intelectual obtenían puntuaciones significativamente inferiores en autoconcepto y autoestima, así como superiores en todos los síntomas psicopatológicos excepto en somatización. Los ANOVAs no evidencian diferencias de género en ninguna variable tanto en el grupo con discapacidad intelectual como en el grupo sin discapacidad.

Keywords

intellectual disabilityself-conceptself-esteempsychopathologydiscapacidad intelectualautoconceptoautoestimapsicopatología
Type
Articles
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 10 , Issue 1 , May 2007 , pp. 141 - 150
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Association on Mental Retardation. (1992). Mental retardation: Definition, classification and systems of supports (9th ed.). Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation.Google Scholar
Borthwick-Duffy, S. (1994). Epidemiology and prevalence of psychopathology in people with mental retardation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 27–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bouras, N., & Drummond, C. (1992). Behaviour and psychiatric disorders of people with mental handicaps, living in the community. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 36, 349–357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clay, J., & Thomas, J. C. (2005). Prevalence of Axis I psychopathology in an intellectually disabled population: Type of pathology and residential supports. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 17, 75–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowley, A., Holt, G., Bouras, N., Sturmey, P., Newton, J.T., & Costello, H. (2004). Descriptive psychopathology in people with mental retardation. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192, 232–237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De las Cuevas, C., & González de Rivera, J.L. (1991). Perfil sintomático y diagnóstico en pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatorios. Psiquis, 12, 326–336.Google Scholar
Derogatis, L.R., Rickels, K., & Rock, A.F. (1976). The SCL-90 and the MMPI: A step in the validation of a new self-report scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 128, 280–289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Derogatis, L. R., & Cleary, , (1977). Confirmation of the dimensional structure of the SCL-90: A study in construct validation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33, 981–989.3.0.CO;2-0>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derogatis, L.R. (1983). SCL-90-R, Administration, scoring and procedures Manual II for the Revised Version of the SCL-90. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. (Spanish translation: SCL-90-R. Cuestionario de 90 síntomas revisado. Madrid: TEA, 2002).Google Scholar
Dosen, A. (1993). Diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric and behavioural disorders in mentally retarded individuals: The state of the art. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 37, 1–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Facchini, R.L. (1996). Self-esteem in young adults with mild mental retardation. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 56(10-B), 5793.Google Scholar
Garaigordobil, M., Durá, A., & Pérez, J.I. (2005). Psychopathological symptoms, behavioural problems, and self-concept/self-esteem: A study with adolescents from 14 to 17 years. Annuary of Clinical and Health Psychology, 1, 53–63.Google Scholar
Garaigordobil, M. (in press). LAEA. Listado de adjetivos para la evaluación del autoconcepto en adolescentes y adultos. Madrid: Pirámide.Google Scholar
García, F., & Musitu, G. (1999). AF-5. Autoconcepto Forma 5. Madrid: TEA.Google Scholar
González de Rivera, J.L., De las Cuevas, C., Rodríguez Abuín, M., & Rodríguez Pulido, F. (2002). SCL-90-R, Symptom Checklist 90 Revised, adaptación española. Madrid: TEA.Google Scholar
Gresham, F.M., & MacMillan, D.L. (1997). Social competence and affective characteristics of students with mild disabilities. Review of Educational Research, 67, 377–415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurley, A., Folstein, M.D., & Lam, N. (2003). Patients with and without intellectual disability seeking outpatient psychiatric services: Diagnoses and prescribing pattern. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47, 39–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Instituto de Migraciones y Servicios Sociales. (2003). Personas con discapacidad intelectual y necesidad de apoyos intermitentes: Situación, necesidades y demandas. Madrid: Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos sociales, Instituto de Migraciones y Servicios Sociales.Google Scholar
Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (2000). Encuesta sobre discapacidades, deficiencias y estados de salud 1999, Madrid, INE. Madrid: Instituto Nacional de Estadística.Google Scholar
LaMalfa, G., Notarelli, A., Hardoy, M.C., Bertelli, M., & Cabras, P.L. (1997). Psychopathology and mental retardation: An Italian epidemiological study using the PIMRA. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 18, 179–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lameiras, M., & Rodríguez, Y. (2003). Age and sex differences in self-esteem among Spanish adolescents. Psychological Reports, 93, 876–878.Google Scholar
Li, E. P-Y., Tam, A. S-F., & Man, D. W-K. (2006). Exploring the self-concepts of persons with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 10, 19–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Long, C.A. (1997). The development of self-esteem in young adolescents with mild mental retardation. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 57(9-A), 3892.Google Scholar
Luckasson, R., Borthwick-Duffy, S., Buntix, W.H.E., Coulter, D.L., Craig, E.M., Reeve, A., Schalock, R.L., Snell, M.E., Spitalnik, D.M., Spreat, S., & Tasse, M.J. (Eds.). (2002). Mental retardation. Definition, classification and systems of supports (10th ed.). Washington DC: American Association on Mental Retardation.Google Scholar
Lunsky, Y. (2003). Depressive symptoms in intellectual disability: Does gender play a role? Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 47, 417–427.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Masi, G., Mucci, M., Favilla, L., & Poli, P. (1999). Dysthymic disorder in adolescents with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 43, 80–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matson, J.L., Anderson, S.J., & Bamburg, J.W. (2000). The relationship of social skills to psychopathology for individuals with mild and moderate mental retardation. British Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 46, 15–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, J.D., & Hoge, D.R. (1982). Analysis of age effects in longitudinal study of adolescent self-esteem. Developmental Psychology, 18, 372–379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nezu, C., Nezu, A., & Gill-Weiss, M. (1992). Psychopathology in persons with mental retardation. Champaign, IL: Research Press Company.Google Scholar
Repetto, E., & Cifuentes, M.E. (2000). Algunos rasgos significativos para el desarrollo de las habilidades sociales en adolescentes con deficiencia mental leve. Estudio de casos. Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía, 11, 213–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rojahn, J., & Tasse, M.J. (1996). Psychopathology in mental retardation. In Jacobson, J.W. & Mulick, J.A. (Eds.), Manual of diagnosis and professional practice in mental retardation (pp. 147–156). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silber, E., & Tippett, J. (1965). Self-esteem: Clinical assessment and measurement validation. Psychological Reports, 16, 1017–1071.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinanson, V. (1992). Mental handicap and the human condition. London: Free Association Books.Google Scholar
Slone, M., Durrheim, K., Kaminer, D., & Lachman, P. (1999). Issues in the identification of comorbidity of mental retardation and psychopathology in a multicultural context. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 34, 190–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szivos, S.E., & Griffiths, E. (1990). Group processes involved in coming to terms with a mentally retarded identity. Mental Retardation, 23, 333–341.Google Scholar
Verdugo, M.A. (2003). Análisis de la definición de discapacidad intelectual de la Asociación Americana sobre Retraso Mental de 2002. Siglo Cero 34, 5–19.Google Scholar
Wilgenbush, T., & Merrel, K.W. (1999). Gender differences in self-concept among children and adolescents: A meta-analysis of multidimensional studies. School Psychology Quarterly, 14, 101–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization. (2001). International classification of functioning, disability and health. Geneva: World Health Organization. (Spanish translation: Clasificación internacional del funcionamiento, de la discapacidad y de la salud: CIF. Madrid: Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, Instituto de Migraciones y Servicios Sociales, 2001.)Google Scholar