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Self-Change Strategies in Smokers and Former Smokers: Spanish Adaptation of the SCS-CS and SCS-FS
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 January 2013
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to validate and adapt the Self-Change Strategies in Current Smokers (SCS-CS) and the Self-Change Strategies in Former Smokers (SCS-FS) (Christie & Etter, 2005) to the Spanish population. We also wished to analyze the differences in the self-change strategies used as a function of gender. Participants were 370 subjects (190 smokers and 180 former smokers) who were recruited by means of the “snowball” method. The alpha coefficients for the SCS-CS and the SCS-FS were .86 and .87, respectively. Both scales present satisfactory psychometric properties, so they are shown to be useful instruments to use in the Spanish population. The SCS-CS score showed that male smokers used more self-change strategies than females (46.6 vs. 11.9, p < .01), specifically, more cognitive strategies. In the SCS-CS, men scored higher than women (49 vs. 12.08, p < .01), in both the group of cognitive and behavioral strategies. The psychological mechanisms used to control the smoking habit are the same in men as in women, but the men tend to use a larger number of strategies. Treatments to quit smoking do not need to be substantially different, but they should be more intensive in the case of women smokers.
El objetivo de este estudio fue validar y adaptar a la población española la Self-Change Strategies in Current Smokers (SCS-CS) y la Self-Change Strategies in Former Smokers (SCS-FS) (Christie & Etter, 2005). También tratamos de analizar las diferencias de las estrategias de autocambio empleadas en función del género. Participaron 370 sujetos (190 fumadores y 180 exfumadores) que fueron reclutados mediante el método “bola de nieve”. Los coeficientes alfa para las escalas SCS-CS y SCS-FS fueron de 0,86 y 0,87 respectivamente. Ambas escalas presentan, por tanto, buenas propiedades psicométricas, por lo que se muestran como instrumentos útiles para utilizar en población española. La puntuación en la SCS-CS mostró que los hombres fumadores utilizan más estrategias de autocambio que las mujeres (46,6 frente a 11,9) (p<0,01), en particular, más estrategias de tipo cognitivo. En la escala SCS-FS, los hombres volvieron a puntuar más alto (49 frente a 12,08) (p<0,01), tanto en el grupo de estrategias cognitivas como en las conductuales. Los mecanismos psicológicos que se emplean para controlar el hábito de fumar son los mismos en hombres que en mujeres, pero los hombres tienden a utilizar mayor número de estrategias. Los tratamientos para dejar de fumar no deben ser sustancialmente diferentes, aunque sí más intensivos en el caso de las mujeres fumadoras.
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