Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T09:10:22.113Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Psychometric Evaluation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 among Brazilian Young Adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 November 2013

Ana C. S. Amaral ,
Mário S. Ribeiro ,
Maria A. Conti ,
Clécio S. Ferreira  and
Maria E. C. Ferreira
Ana C. S. Amaral*
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (Brazil)
Mário S. Ribeiro
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (Brazil)
Maria A. Conti
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (Brazil)
Clécio S. Ferreira
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (Brazil)
Maria E. C. Ferreira
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (Brazil)
*
*Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ana Carolina Soares Amaral. School of Physical Education. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Campus Universitário S/N. Martelos. Juiz de Fora. Minas Gerais (Brazil). 36036–900. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The objective was evaluating the psychometric properties of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ–3) among Brazilian young adults of both genders. The sample was composed by 506 undergraduate students (295 females and 211 males), aged between 17 and 29 years old. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used for construct validity (N = 506). Correlations between the SATAQ–3 scores and those of the Tripartite Influence Scale (TIS) and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) were used for convergent validity. Reliability was assessed through internal consistency (α) and reproducibility (test-retest) through comparison of the means obtained at two different time points and through intra-class correlation. The scale presented a factor structure composed of five factors, replicated in the confirmatory factor analysis with satisfactory values for the measurements of adjustment to the model. Correlations with the BSQ and TIS scores were rho = .52 and rho = –.35, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were satisfactory, and their stability was demonstrated. Brazilian SATAQ–3 had good validity and reproducibility, being indicated for use in samples of Brazilian youths.

Keywords

body imageeating disorderspsychometric evaluationvalidation studiesSATAQ–3
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 16 , 2013 , E94
Copyright
Copyright © Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alves, E., Vasconcelos, F. A. G., Calvo, M. C. M., & Neves, J. (2008). Prevalência de sintomas de anorexia nervosa e insatisfação com a imagem corporal em adolescentes do sexo feminino do Município de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. [Prevalence of symptoms of anorexia nervosa and dissatisfaction with body image among female adolescents in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil]. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 24, 503–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2008000300004 Google Scholar
Amaral, A. C. S., Cordas, T. A., Conti, M. A., & Ferreira, M. E. C. (2011). Equivalência Semântica e avaliação da consistência interna da versão em português do Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ–3). [Semantic equivalence and internal consistency of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ–3)]. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 27, 1487–1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2011000800004 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amaral, A. C. S., Ferreira, M. E. C., Scagliusi, F. B., Costa, L. S., Cordas, T. A., & Conti, M. A. (2013). Avaliação psicométrica da Escala de Influência dos Três Fatores (EITF). [Psychometric evaluation of the Tripartite Influence Scale (EITF)]. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 26, 213–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722013000200001 Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with eating disorders (Revision). American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1–39.Google Scholar
Cafri, G., Yamamyia, Y., Brannick, M., & Thompson, J. K. (2005). The influence of sociocultural factors on body image: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 12, 421–433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpi053 Google Scholar
Calogero, R. M., Davis, W. N., & Thompson, J. K. (2004). The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Quationnaire (SATAQ–3): Reliability and normative comparisons of eating disordered patients. Body Image, 1, 193–198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2004.01.004 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Celio, A. A., Zabisnky, M. F., & Wifley, D. E. (2002). African American body images. In Cash, T. F., & Pruzinsky T, T.. (Eds.), Body Image: A handbook of theory, research and clinical practice (pp. 234–242). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Conti, M. A., Scagliusi, F., Queiroz, G. K. O., Hearst, N., & Cordas, T. A. (2010). Adaptação transcultural: Tradução e validação de conteúdo para o idioma português do modelo da Tripartite Influence Scale de insatisfação corporal. [Cross-cultural adaptation: Translation and Portuguese language content validation of the Tripartite Influence Scale for body dissatisfaction]. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 26, 503–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2010000300008 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, P. J., Taylor, M. J., Cooper, M., & Fairburn, C. G. (1987). The development and validation of the Body Shape Questionnaire. International Journal of Eating Disorders 6, 485–494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(198707)6:4<485::AID-EAT2260060405>3.0.CO;2-O 3.0.CO;2-O>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cotrufo, P., Barretta, V., Monteleone, P., & Maj, M. (1998). Full-syndrome, partial-syndrome and subclinical eating disorders: An epidemiological study of female students in Southern Italy. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 98, 112–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb10051.x Google Scholar
Cusumano, D. L., & Thompson, J. K. (1997). Body image and body shape ideals in magazines: Exposure, awareness and internalization. Sex Roles, 37, 701–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02936336 Google Scholar
DeVellis, R. F. (2003). Scale Development: theory and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Di Pietro, M., & Silveira, D. X. (2009). Internal validity, dimensionality and performance of the Body Shape Questionnaire in a group of Brazilian college students. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 31, 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462008005000017 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dittmar, H. (2005). Vulnerability factors and processes linking sociocultural pressures and body dissatisfaction. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24, 1081–1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2005.24.8.1081 Google Scholar
Dittmar, H. (2009). How do “body perfect” ideals in the media have a negative impact on body image and behaviors? Factors and processes related to self and identity. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2009.28.1.1 Google Scholar
Dunker, K. L. L. (2006). Programa de prevenção de comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares em adolescentes: Estudo piloto. [Program to prevent eating disorders risk behaviors in adolescent: A pilot study] . (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.Google Scholar
Forbes, G. B., Jobe, R. L., & Revak, J. A. (2006). Relationships between dissatisfaction with specific body characteristics and the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 and Objectified Body Consciousness Scale. Body Image, 3, 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2006.07.003 Google Scholar
Garfinkel, P. E., Lin, E., Goering, P., Spegg, C., Goldbloom, D. S., Kennedy, S., … Woodside, D. B. (1995). Bulimia nervosa in a Canadian community sample: Prevalence and comparison of subgroups. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 1052–1058.Google Scholar
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (2005). Análise multivariada de dados. [Multivariate data analysis] . Porto Alegre, Brazil: Bookman.Google Scholar
Heinberg, L. J., Coughlin, J. W., Pinto, A. M., Haug, N., Brode, C., & Guarda, A. S. (2008). Validation and predictive utility of the Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire for Eating Disorders (SATAQ-ED): Internalization of sociocultural ideals predicts weight gain. Body Image, 5, 279–290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.02.001 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herdman, M., Fox-Rushby, J., Badia, X. (1998). A model of equivalence in the cultural adaptation of HRQoL instruments: The universalist approach. Quality of Life Research, 7, 323–335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008846618880 Google Scholar
Jackson, T., & Chen, H. (2010). Factor structure of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ–3) among adolescent boys in China. Body Image, 7, 349–355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.07.003 Google Scholar
Kahn, J. H. (2006). Factor analysis in counseling psychology research, training and practice: Principles, advances, and applications. The Counseling Psychologist, 34, 684–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000006286347 Google Scholar
Karazsia, B. T., & Crowther, J. H. (2008). Psychological and behavioral correlates of the SATAQ–3 with males. Body Image, 5, 109–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.08.004 Google Scholar
Kawada, T., & Suzuki, S. (2005). Validation study on self-reported height, weight, and blood pressure. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 101, 187–191. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/PMS.101.5.187-191 Google Scholar
Keery, H., van den Berg, P., & Thompson, J. K. (2004). An evaluation of the Tripartite Influence Model of body dissatisfaction and eating disturbance with adolescent girls. Body Image, 1, 237–251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2004.03.001 Google Scholar
Knauss, C., Paxton, S. J., & Alsaker, F. D. (2009). Validation of the German version of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-G). Body Image, 6, 113–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.01.002 Google Scholar
Lattin, J., Carroll, J. D., & Green, P. E. (2011). Análise de dados multivariados. [Analyzing multivariate data] . São Paulo, Brazil: Gencage Learning.Google Scholar
Madanat, H. N., Hawks, S. R., & Brown, R. B. (2006). Validation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 among a random sample of Jordanian women. Body Image, 3, 421–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2006.09.004 Google Scholar
Markland, D., & Oliver, E. J. (2008). The Sociocultural Attitudes Questionnaire-3: A confirmatory factor analysis. Body Image, 5, 116–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.10.001 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maroco, J., & Garcia-Marques, T. (2006). Qual a fiabilidade do alfa de Cronbach? Questões antigas e soluções modernas. [What is the reliability of Cronbach’s alpha? Questions ancient and modern solutions]. Laboratório de Psicologia, 4, 65–90.Google Scholar
Mendez, J. L. (2005). Conceptualizing sociocultural factors within clinical and research contexts. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 12, 434–437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpi054 Google Scholar
Morandé, G., Celada, J., & Casas, J. J. (1999). Prevalence of eating disorders in a Spanish school-age population. Journal of Adolescent Health, 24, 212–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(98)00025-1 Google Scholar
Nobakht, M., & Dezhkam, M. (2000). An epidemiological study of eating disorders in Iran. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 28, 265–271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(200011)28:3<265::AID-EAT3>3.0.CO;2-L Google Scholar
Nunes, M. A., Barros, F. C., Olinto, M. T. A., Camey, S., & Mari, J. D. (2003). Prevalence of abnormal eating behaviors and inappropriate methods of weight control in young women from Brazil: A population-based study. Eating and Weight Disorders, 8, 100–106.Google Scholar
Pasquali, L. (Ed.). (1996). Teoria e métodos de medida em ciências do comportamento. [Theory and methods of measurement in the behavioral sciences] . Brasília, Brazil: INEP.Google Scholar
Rojo, L., Livianos, L., Conesa, L., García, A., Domínguez, A., Rodrigo, G.,... Vila, M. (2003). Epidemiology and risk factors of eating disorders: A two-stage epidemiologic study in a Spanish population aged 12–18 years. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 34, 281–291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eat.10179 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rousseau, A., Valls, M., & Chabrol, H. (2010). The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale-3 (SATAQ–3): Etude de validation de la version française. L’Encéphale, 36, 270–276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2008.03.013 Google Scholar
Scagliusi, F. B., Alvarenga, M., Polacowa, V. O, Cordás, T. A., Queiroz, G. K. O., Coelho, D., ... Lancha, A. H. Jr. (2006). Concurrent and discriminant validity of the Stunkard’s figure rating scale adapted into Portuguese. Appetite, 47, 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2006.02.010 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stefanile, C., Matera, C., Nerini, A., & Pisani, E. (2011). Validation of an Italian version of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ–3) on adolescent girls. Body Image, 8, 432–436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.06.001 Google Scholar
Stice, E., & Tristan, J. (2005). Sociocultural preassures and Body Image Distrubance: A comment on Cafri, Yamamiya, Brannick, and Thompson. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 12, 443–446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpi056 Google Scholar
Swami, V. (2009). An examination of the factor structure of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 in Malaysia. Body Image, 6, 129–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.01.003 Google Scholar
Swami, V., Campana, A. N. N. B., Ferreira, L., Barret, S., Harris, A. S., & Tavares, M. C. G. C. F. (2011). The acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale: Initial examination of its factor structure and correlates among Brazilian adults. Body Image, 8, 179–185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.01.001 Google Scholar
Thompson, J. K. (2004). The (mis)measurement of body image: Ten strategies to improve assessment for applied and research purposes. Body Image, 1, 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1740-1445(03)00004-4 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thompson, J. K., van den Berg, P., Roehrig, M., Guarda, A. S., & Heinberg, L. J. (2004). The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale-3 (SATAQ–3): Development and validation. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 35, 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eat.10257 Google Scholar
Túry, F., Güleç, H., & Kohls, E. (2010). Assessment methods for eating disorders and body image disorders. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69, 601–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.05.012 Google Scholar
Wheeler, D. L., Vassar, M., & Hale, W. D. (2011). A gender-based measurement invariance study of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3. Body Image, 8, 168–172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.12.004 Google Scholar
White, J., & Halliwell, E. (2010). Examination of a sociocultural model of excessive exercise among male and female adolescents. Body Image, 7, 227–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.02.002 Google Scholar