Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T20:02:13.990Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Do Cigarette Smokers Have Different Personality Patterns than Non-Smokers?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 December 2013

Elisardo Becoña ,
Elena Fernández del Río ,
Ana López-Durán ,
Úrsula Martínez ,
Bárbara Piñeiro ,
Mª Carmen Míguez  and
Mª Isabel Vázquez
Elisardo Becoña*
Affiliation:
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Elena Fernández del Río
Affiliation:
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Ana López-Durán
Affiliation:
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Úrsula Martínez
Affiliation:
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Bárbara Piñeiro
Affiliation:
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Mª Carmen Míguez
Affiliation:
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Mª Isabel Vázquez
Affiliation:
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
*
*Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Elisardo Becoña. Smoking Cessation Unit. Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology. Faculty of Psychology. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela (Spain). 15782. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and personality patterns in the general population, taking into account the possible influence of nicotine dependence. We used a stratified random sample of 1,081 adults from the general population (519 smokers and 562 non-smokers) in the region of Galicia (Spain). Personality patterns were assessed with the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). The results indicated that nicotine-dependent smokers had a higher probability of obtaining a PREV > 75 in the histrionic and antisocial personality patterns and non-nicotine-dependent smokers are more likely to present a PREV > 75 in paranoid personality pattern than non-smokers. On the contrary, non-smokers are more likely to have a PREV > 75 on the compulsive personality scale. Our findings suggest that there are different personality patterns according to smoking status (smoker/non-smoker) and according to the presence of nicotine dependence. We concluded that it is necessary to identify the personality characteristics of smokers, since these characteristics could be key variables in increased risk of being a smoker and of difficulties for quitting smoking.

Keywords

smokingpersonality patternsMCMI-IIInicotine dependence
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 16 , 2013 , E100
Copyright
Copyright © Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

This study was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (National Basic Research Projects). Project reference: PSI2008–02597/PSIC.

References

Becoña, E., Fernández del Río, E., López, A., Míguez, M. C., Castro, J., Nogueiras, L., ... Vázquez, D. (2011). La Escala Breve de Evaluación del Síndrome de Dependencia de la Nicotina (NDSS-S) en fumadores españoles [The Short Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS-S) in Spanish smokers]. Psicothema, 23, 126–132.Google Scholar
Becoña, E., López, A., Fernández del Río, E., Míguez, M. C., & Castro, J. (2010). Spanish adaptation of the NDSS (Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale) and assessment of nicotine-dependent individuals at primary care health centers in Spain. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13, 951–960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600002596 Google Scholar
Becoña, E., Nogueiras, L., Flórez, G., Álvarez, S., & Vázquez, D. (2010). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala del Síndrome de Dependencia de la Nicotina (NDSS) en una muestra de fumadores que solicitan tratamiento por su dependencia del alcohol [Psychometric properties of the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS) in a sample of smokers treated for their alcohol dependence]. Adicciones, 22, 37–50.Google Scholar
Cardenal, V., & Sánchez, M. P. (2007). Adaptación y baremación al español del Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon-III (MCMI–III) [Spanish adaptation of Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III] . Madrid, Spain: TEA Ediciones.Google Scholar
Collins, C. C., Epstein, D. H., Parzynski, C. S., Zimmerman, D., Moolchan, E. T., & Heishman, S. J. (2010). Puffing behavior during the smoking of a single cigarette in tobacco-dependent adolescents. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 12, 164–167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntp176 Google Scholar
Ekleberry, S. C. (2009). Integrated treatment for co-occurring disorders: Personality disorders and addiction. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group.Google Scholar
Etter, J. F. (2010). Smoking and cloninger’s temperament and character inventory. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 12, 919–926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntq116 Google Scholar
Fernández del Río, , Becoña, E., & López-Durán, A. (2010). Trastornos de personalidad en fumadores y no fumadores de la población general [Personality disorders in smokers and non-smokers from the general population]. Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual, 18, 241–258.Google Scholar
Fernández del Río, E., Becoña, E., & López-Durán, A. (2011). Subtypes of smokers that attend psychological treatment in order to stop smoking. Substance Use & Misuse, 46, 1113–1123.Google Scholar
Fernández del Río, E., López, A., & Becoña, E. (2010). Trastornos de personalidad y abstinencia del consumo de tabaco en un tratamiento psicológico para dejar de fumar [Personality disorders and abstinence from tobacco consumption in a psychological treatment to stop smoking]. Psicothema, 22, 357–362.Google Scholar
Fernández del Río, E., López, A., & Becoña, E. (2011). El tratamiento psicológico de la adicción al tabaco en fumadores con trastornos de la personalidad [Psychological treatment of tobacco addiction in smokers with personality disorders]. Papeles del Psicólogo, 32, 175–184.Google Scholar
Fiore, M. C., Jaén, C. R., Baker, T. B., Bailey, W. C., Benowitz, N. L., Curry, S. J., … Leitzke, C. (2008). Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 Update. Rockville, MD: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.Google Scholar
Flory, J. D., & Manuck, S. B. (2009). Impulsiveness and cigarette smoking. Psychosomatic Medicine, 71, 431–437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181988c2d Google Scholar
Goodwin, R. D., Pagura, J., Spiwak, R., Lemeshow, A. R., & Sareen, J. (2011). Predictors of persistent nicotine dependence among adults in the United States. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 118, 127–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.03.010 Google Scholar
Kahler, C. W., Daughters, S. B., Leventhal, A. M., Rogers, M. L., Clark, M. A., Colby, S. M., … Buka, S. L. (2009). Personality, psychiatric disorders, and smoking in middle-aged adults. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 11, 833–841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntp073 Google Scholar
Kalliakou, A., & Joseph, S. (2000). Further evidence that tobacco smoking correlates with schizotypal and borderline personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 191–194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00173-7 Google Scholar
López, A., & Becoña, E. (2006). Patrones y trastornos de personalidad en personas con dependencia de la cocaína en tratamiento [Patterns and personality disorders in persons with cocaine dependence in treatment]. Psicothema, 18, 578–583.Google Scholar
Millon, T. (1969). Modern psychopathology: A biosocial approach to maladaptive learning and functioning. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders.Google Scholar
Millon, T. H. (1997). MCMI-II, Inventario clínico multiaxial de Millon-II [MCMI-II, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory] . Madrid, Spain: TEA.Google Scholar
Millon, T. (Ed.). (2004). Personality disorders in modern life (2 nd Ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Millon, T., & Davis, R. (1996). Disorders of personality: DSM-IV and beyond (2 nd Ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Millon, T., Davis, R., & Millon, C. (1997). Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III). Minneapolis, MN: Pearson.Google Scholar
Morissette, S. B., Tull, M. T., Gulliver, S. B., Kamholz, B. W., & Zimering, R. T. (2007). Anxiety, anxiety disorders, tobacco use, and nicotine: A critical review of interrelationships. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 245–272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.245 Google Scholar
Nieva, G., Valero, S., Bruguera, E., Andión, O., Trasovares, M. V., Gual, A., & Casas, M. (2011). The alternative five-factor model of personality, nicotine dependence and relapse after treatment for smoking cessation. Addictive Behaviors, 36, 965–971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.05.008 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Okuyemi, K. S., Pulvers, K. M., Cox, L. S., Thomas, J. L., Kaur, H., Mayo, M. S., … Ahluwalia, J. S. (2007). Nicotine dependence among African American light smokers: A comparison of three scales. Addictive Behaviors, 32, 1989–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.01.002 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ortiz-Tallo, M., Cardenal, V., Ferragut, M., & Cerezo, M. V. (2011). Personalidad y síndromes clínicos: Un estudio con el MCMI-III basado en una muestra española [Personality and clinical syndromes: A study with the MCMI-III in a Spanish sample]. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 16, 49–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pedrero-Pérez, E., López-Durán, A., & Olivar-Arroyo, A. (2006). El trastorno negativista de la personalidad y su relación con el abuso de sustancias [Negativistic personality disorder related with substance abuse]. Trastornos Adictivos, 8, 22–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1575-0973(06)75104-2 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pedrero, E., Puerta, C., Lagares, A., & Sáez, A. (2003). Prevalencia e intensidad de trastornos de personalidad en adictos a sustancias en tratamiento en un centro de atención a las drogodependencias [Prevalence and severity of personality disorders in substance abuse outpatient treatment program]. Trastornos Adictivos, 5, 241–245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1575-0973(03)70117-2 Google Scholar
Perea, J. M., Oña, S., & Ortiz, M. (2009). Diferencias de rasgos clínicos de personalidad en el mantenimiento de la abstinencia y recaídas en tratamiento del tabaquismo [Clinical personality trait differences in the maintenance of abstinence and in relapses in the treatment of smoking cessation]. Psicothema, 21, 39–44.Google Scholar
Preuss, U. W., Johann, M., Fehr, C., Koller, G., Wodarz, N., Hesselbrock, V., ... Soyka, M. (2009). Personality disorders in alcohol-dependent individuals: Relationship with alcohol dependence severity. European Addiction Research, 15, 188–195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000228929 Google Scholar
Samuel, D. B., & Widiger, T. A. (2008). A meta-analytic review of the relationships between the five-factor model and DSM-IV-TR personality disorders: A facet level analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 1326–1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2008.07.002 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shiffman, S., Waters, A. J., & Hickcox, M. (2004). The Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale: A multidimensional measure of nicotine dependence. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 6, 327–348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1462220042000202481 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spielberger, C. D., & Jacobs, G. A. (1982). Personality and smoking behavior. Journal of Personality Assessment, 46, 396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4604_11 Google Scholar
Sussman, S., Pokhrel, P., Ashmore, R. D., & Brown, B. B. (2007). Adolescent peer group identification and characteristics: A review of the literature. Addictive Behaviors, 32, 1602–1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.11.018 Google Scholar
Terracciano, A., & Costa, P. T. (2004). Smoking and the five-factor model of personality. Addiction, 99, 472–481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00687.x Google Scholar
Terracciano, A., Löckenhoff, C. E., Crum, R. M., Bienvenu, O. J., & Costa, P. T. (2008). Five-factor model personality profiles of drug users. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-8-22 Google Scholar
Trull, T. J., Jahng, S., Tomko, R. L., Wood, P. K., & Sher, K. J. (2010). Revised NESARC personality disorder diagnoses: Gender, prevalence, and comorbidity with substance dependence disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 24, 412–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2010.24.4.412 Google Scholar
Williams, J. H., Wellman, N. A., Allan, L. M., Taylor, E., Tonin, J., Feldon, J., & Rowlins, J. N. P. (1996). Tobacco smoking correlates with schizotypal and borderline personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 20, 267–270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(95)00179-4 Google Scholar
Zvolensky, M. J., Jenkins, E. F., Johnson, K. A., & Goodwin, R. D. (2011). Personality disorders and cigarette smoking among adults in the United States. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45, 835–841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.11.009 Google Scholar