Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T06:32:22.331Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Longitudinal Analysis of Age- and Gender-Specific Migration Patterns in England and Wales

A GIS-Based Approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2016

Ian Gregory
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Many geographers have argued for the need to incorporate change over time into their analyses (see, for example, Haggett 1965; Hägerstrand 1970; Thrift 1977;Marsh et al. 1988); however, changes to administrative boundaries often mean that demographic statistics collected at two different dates cannot be directly compared. This has made it very difficult to study longitudinal change without resorting to undesirable levels of aggregation, typically to county level in Britain or state level in the United States. This article describes a technique that makes significant advances toward eliminating this problem: a researcher using this technique can compare statistics by standardizing all relevant data on a single set of administrative units. My article builds on the work of the Great Britain Historical GIS Project (Gregory and Southall 1998) and uses net migration as an example.The geographical information system (GIS) is not yet complete, so the article focuses on the methodological issues. These issues could be applied to a wide range of problems in historical geography. More broadly, it is hoped that the article will give some idea of the potential for using GIS to analyze spatially referenced data in the context of social science history.

Type
Special Issue: Historical GIS: The Spatial Turn in Social Science History
Information
Social Science History , Volume 24 , Issue 3: Special Issue: Historical GIS: The Spatial Turn in Social Science History , fall 2000 , pp. 471 - 503
Copyright
Copyright © Social Science History Association 2000 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Benjamin, B. (1970) The Population Census. London: Heinemann Educational Books.Google Scholar
Boonstra, O. (1994) “Mapping the Netherlands, 1830–1994: The use of NLKAART,” in Goerke, M. (ed.) Coordinates for Historical Maps. Göttingen, Germany: Max-Planck Institute: 156–61.Google Scholar
Cairncross, A. (1949) “Internal migration in Victorian England.” Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies 17:67–87.Google Scholar
Coombes, M. (1995) “Dealing with census geography: Principles, practices and possibilities,” in Openshaw, S. (ed.) Census Users Handbook. Cambridge, U.K.: GeoInformation International: 111–32.Google Scholar
Curry, M. (1995) “GIS and the inevitable ethical inconsistency,” in Pickles, J. (ed.) Ground Truth: The Social Implications of Geographic Information Systems. New York: Guildford Press: 68–87.Google Scholar
DenBoer, G. (1995) Kentucky, Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. Ed. Long, J. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Denham, C., and Rhind, D. (1983) “The 1981 census and its results,” in Rhind, D. (ed.) A Census User’s Handbook. London: Methuen: 17–88.Google Scholar
Dorling, D. (1996) Area Cartograms: Their Use and Creation. Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography, no. 59. Norwich, U.K.: University of East Anglia Environmental Publications.Google Scholar
Drake, M.(1972) “The census, 1801–1891,” in Wrigley, E. (ed.) Nineteenth-Century Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press:7–46.Google Scholar
Flowerdew, R., and Green, M. (1994) “Areal interpolation and types of data,” in Fotheringham, S. and Rogerson, P. (eds.) Spatial Analysis and GIS. London: Taylor & Francis:121–46.Google Scholar
Friedlander, D., and Roshier, R. (1965) “A study of internal migration in England and Wales, Part 1: Geographical patterns of internal migration, 1851-1951.” Population Studies 19: 239–80.Google Scholar
Goodchild, M. (1992) Research Initiative 1: Accuracy of Spatial Databases. Final Report. National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, University of California, Santa Barbara.Google Scholar
Goodchild, M.,Anselin, L., and Deichmann, U. (1993)“A framework for the areal interpolation of socioeconomic data.”Environment and Planning A 25:383–97.Google Scholar
Goodchild, M., and Lam, N. (1980) “Areal interpolation: A variant of the traditional spatial problem.”Geo-Processing 1:297–312.Google Scholar
Gregory, I., and Southall, H. (1998)“Putting the past in its place: The Great Britain Historical GIS,” in Carver, S. (ed.) Innovations in GIS 5. London: Taylor & Francis: 210–21Google Scholar
Hägerstrand, T. (1970) “What about people in regional science?” Papers of the Regional Science Association 24:1–21.Google Scholar
Haggett, P. (1965) Locational Analysis in Human Geography. London: Arnold.Google Scholar
Hasluck, E. (1936) Local Government in England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hearnshaw, H., and Unwin, D., eds. (1994)Visualisation in Geographical Information Systems. Chichester, U.K.: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Hill, A. (1925) Internal Migration and Its Effects upon the Death-Rates: With Special Reference to the County of Essex. Medical Research Council Special Report Series, no. 95. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Johnston, R., Gregory, D., and Smith, D., eds. (1986)The Dictionary of Human Geography. 2d ed. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Keith-Lucas, B., and Richards, P. (1978) A History of Local Government in the Twentieth Century. London: George Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Lawton, R. (1958) “Population movements in the West Midlands.” Geography 43:164–77.Google Scholar
Lawton, R. (1958) “Population changes in England and Wales in the later nineteenth century: An analysis of trends by registration district.”Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 44: 55–74.Google Scholar
Lipman, V. (1949) Local Government Areas, 1834-1945. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
MacDougall, E. (1975) “The accuracy of map overlays.” Landscape Planning 2:23–30.Google Scholar
Marsh, C., Arber, S., Wrigley, N., Rhind, D., and Bulmer, M. (1988) “The view of academic social scientists on the 1991 U.K. census of population: A report for the Economic and Social Research Council Working Group.” Environment and Planning A 20: 851–89.Google Scholar
Openshaw, S.(1984) The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem. Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography, no. 38. Norwich, U.K.: GeoBooks.Google Scholar
Openshaw, S. (1991a) “Developing appropriate spatial analysis methods for GIS,” in Maguire, D., Goodchild, M., and Rhind, D. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems: Principles and Applications. London: Longman Scientific and Technical:389–401.Google Scholar
Openshaw, S. (1991b) “A view on the GIS crisis in geography, or using GIS to put Humpty-Dumpty back together again.”Environment and Planning A 23:621–28.Google Scholar
Openshaw, S. (1997) “The truth about Ground Truth.” Transactions in GIS 2:2–24.Google Scholar
Openshaw, S., and Clarke, G. (1996)“Developing spatial analysis functions relevant to GIS environments,” in Fischer, M., Scholten, H., and Unwin, D.(eds.) Spatial Analytical Perspectives on GIS. London: Taylor & Francis:21–38.Google Scholar
Pickles, J. (1995a) “Representations in an electronic age: Geography, GIS, and democracy,” in Pickles, J. (ed.) Ground Truth: The Social Implications of Geographic Information Systems. New York: Guildford Press: 1–30.Google Scholar
Pickles, J. (1995b) “Towards an economy of electronic representation and the virtual sign,” in Pickles, J. (ed.) Ground Truth: The Social Implications of Geographic Information Systems. New York: Guildford Press: 223–40.Google Scholar
Pooley, C. (1995) “The mobility of criminals in North-West England.” Local Population Studies 53: 15–28.Google Scholar
Pooley, C., and Turnbull, J. (1996) “Migration and mobility from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries.”Local Population Studies 57:50–71.Google Scholar
Pooley, C., and Turnbull, J. (1998) Migration and Mobility in Britain since the Eighteenth Century. London: University College London Press.Google Scholar
Robinson, W. (1950) “Ecological correlations and the behavior of individuals.” American Sociological Review 15:351–57.Google Scholar
Saville, J. (1957) Rural Depopulation in England and Wales, 1851–1951. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Southall, H. (1991) “The tramping artisan revisits: Labour mobility and economic distress in early-Victorian England.” Economic History Review 44: 272–91.Google Scholar
Taylor, P. 1990) “Editorial comment: GIS.” Political Geography Quarterly 9: 211–12.Google Scholar
Thrift, N. (1977) An Introduction to Time Geography. Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography, no. 13. Norwich, U.K.: Geo-Abstracts Ltd.Google Scholar
Vanhaute, E. (1994) “The quantitative database of Belgian municipalities (19th/20th centuries): From diachronic worksheets to historical maps,” in Goerke, M. (ed.) Coordinates for Historical Maps. Göttingen, Germany: Max-Planck Institute:162–75.Google Scholar
Welton, T. (1911) England’s Recent Progress: An Investigation of the Statistics for Migrations, Mortality etc. in the Twenty Years from 1881–1901 as Indicating the Growth or Decay of Particular Communities. London: Savill and Edwards.Google Scholar
Woods, R., and Shelton, N. (1997) An Atlas of Victorian Mortality. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.Google Scholar
Youngs, F. (1979) Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England. Vol. 1, Southern England. London: Royal Historical SocietyGoogle Scholar
Youngs, F. (1991) Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England. Vol. 2, Northern England. London: Royal Historical Society.Google Scholar