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Japan and Russia: Bureaucratic Politics in a Comparative Context

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2016

Cyril E. Black
Cyril E. Black*
Affiliation:
Center of International Studies, Princeton University
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Extract

The papers by Bernard S. Silberman and Alfred J. Rieber raise two categories of problems which interact to illuminate some central issues of comparative social science. One category of issues concerns the relative ability of Japan and Russia in terms of their heritage of political institutions to take advantage of opportunities for development offered by the revolution in science and technology; and the relative capacity of these two countries in this regard as compared both with the earlier-modernizing Western societies and with those in other parts of the world that modernized later. Japan and Russia are one of the pairs of countries that can offer the most fruitful point of departure for wide-ranging comparisons.

Type
Research Article
Information
Social Science History , Volume 2 , Issue 4 , Summer 1978 , pp. 414 - 426
Copyright
Copyright © Social Science History Association 1978 

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References

Notes

1 This section draws primarily on Black, Cyril E., Jansen, Marius B., Levine, Herbert S., Levy, Marion J. Jr., Rosovsky, Henry, Rozman, Gilbert, Smith, Henry D. II, and Starr, S. Frederick, The Modernization of Japan and Russia (New York, 1975)Google Scholar; and also Black, Cyril E., “Russian History in Japanese Perspective: An Experiment in Comparison,” Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, 23 (December 1975), 481–88Google Scholar.

2 Modernization of Japan and Russia, 82, drawing on the work of Gilbert Rozman.

3 Huntington, Samuel P. and Nelson, Joan M., No Easy Choice: Political Participation in Developing Countries (Cambridge, 1976), 47 and more generally 1–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Nie, Norman H. and Verba, Sidney, “Political Participation,” in Greenstein, Fred I. and Polsby, Nelson W., eds., Handbook of Political Science, 8 vols. (Reading, Mass., 1975), 4:1–74Google Scholar.

4 Salisbury, Robert H., “Interest Groups,” Handbook of Political Science, 4:171–228Google Scholar and also Garson, G. David, “On the Origins of Interest-Group Theory: A Critique of a Process,” American Political Science Review, 68 (December 1974), 1505–19CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

5 Epstein, Leon D., “Political Parties,” Handbook of Political Science, 4:229–77Google Scholar.

6 Allison, Graham T. and Halperin, Morton H., “Bureaucratic Politics: A Paradigm and Some Policy Implications,” in Tanter, Raymond and Ullman, Richard H., eds., Theory and Policy in International Relations (Princeton, 1971), 40–79Google Scholar, provides the best general introduction to the subject, although specifically concerned with decision making for U.S. foreign policy; see also Nadel, Mark V. and Rourke, Francis E., “Bureaucracies,” Handbook of Political Science, 5:374–75Google Scholar.

7 Silberman, Bernard S., Ministers of Modernization: Elite Mobility in the Meiji Restoration, 1868-1873 (Tucson, 1964), 109Google Scholar.

8 Lincoln, W. Bruce, “The Genesis of an ‘Enlightened’ Bureaucracy in Russia, 1825-1856,” Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, 20 (Sept. 1972), 321–30Google Scholar; and Yaney, George L., The Systematization of Russian Government: Social Evolution in the Domestic Administration of Imperial Russia, 1711-1905 (Urbana, 1973), 221–28Google Scholar.

9 Amburger, Erik, Geschichte der Behördenorganisation Russlands von Peter dem Grossen bis 1917 (Leiden, 1966), 516–19Google Scholar.

10 Umetani, Noboru, “Foreign Nationals Employed in Japan during the Years of Modernization,” East Asian Cultural Studies, 10 (March 1971), 1–32Google Scholar.

11 Zaionchkovsky, P. A., “Vysshaia biurokratiia nakanune Krymskoi voiny,” Istorila SSSR, 4 (1974), 154–64Google Scholar.

12 Coox, Alvin D., “Chrysanthemum and Star: Army and Society in Modern Japan,” in Maclsaac, David, ed., The Military and Society (Washington, D.C., 1975), 54Google Scholar.

13 Bendix, Reinhard, “Preconditions of Development: A Comparison of Japan and Germany,” Dore, R. P., ed., Aspects of Social Change in Modern Japan (Princeton, 1967), 27–68Google Scholar, is particularly relevant.

14 Gilbert Rozman’s estimates in Modernization of Japan and Russia, 78.