Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T03:58:55.507Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Interlocking Directorates and the Corporate Revolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2016

William G. Roy*
Affiliation:
University of California, Los Angeles

Extract

Many social scientists have documented that the American corporate capitalist class is highly organized and cohesive, both in terms of formal structural characteristics (Domhoff, 1967; Useem, 1979; Scott, 1979) and informal social patterns (Baltzell, 1964; Domhoff, 1974; Mills, 1956). One of the major structural features integrating corporate capitalists is interlocking directorates, which have been shown to form a single, continuous, cohesive network (Sonquist and Koenig, 1975; Allen, 1974; Mariolis, 1975; Mizruchi, 1982; Pennings, 1980; Scott, 1979; Fennema and Schijf, 1978).

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Social Science History Association 1983 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, M. P. (1974) “The structure of interorganizational elite cooptation: interlocking corporate directorates.” American Sociological Review 39: 393406.Google Scholar
Averitt, R. T. (1968) The Dual Economy. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Baltzell, E. D. (1964) The Protestant Establishment: Aristocracy and Caste in America. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Bearden, J., Atwood, W., Freitag, P., Hendricks, C., Mintz, B., and Schwartz, M. (1975) “The nature and extent of bank centrality in corporate networks.” Paper delivered at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association.Google Scholar
Bunting, D. and Barbour, J. (1971) “Interlocking directorates in large American corporations, 1896-1964.” Business History Review 65: 317335.Google Scholar
Burt, R. S. (1978) “A structural theory of interlocking corporate directorates.” Social Networks 1:415435.Google Scholar
Burt, R. S. (1980) “Cooptive corporate actor networks: a reconsideration of interlocking directorates involving American manufacturers.” Administrative Science Quarterly 25:3.Google Scholar
Christman, K. R. and Kilburn, H. C. Jr. (1980) “Testing a structural theory of corporate cooptation.” American Sociological Review 45: 821841.Google Scholar
Chandler, A. D. Jr. (1977) The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business. Cambridge: Belknap Press.Google Scholar
Crittenden, J. P. (1893) New York Securities, 1893. New York: New York Securities.Google Scholar
Domhoff, G. W. (1967) Who Rules America? Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Domhoff, G. W. (1974) The Bohemian Grove and Other Retreats. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Edwards, R. (1979) Contested Terrain. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Eichner, A. S. (1969) The Emergence of Oligopoly: Sugar Refining as a Case Study. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Evans, G. H. Jr. (1948) Business Incorporations in the United States, 1800-1943. Princeton, NJ: National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Fennema, M. and Schijf, H. (1978) “Analyzing interlocking directorates: theory and methods.” Social Networks 1: 297332.Google Scholar
Galambos, L. (1970) “The emerging organizational synthesis in modern American history.” Business History Review 44: 279290.Google Scholar
Hidy, R. W., Hillard, F. E., and Nevins, A. (1963) Timber and Men: The Weyerhaeuser Story. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Hilferding, R. (1981) Finance Capital. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Kotz, D. M. (1978) Bank Control of Large Corporations in the United States. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
La Feber, W. (1963) The New Empire. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Levine, J. (1972) “The sphere of influence.” American Sociological Review 37: 1427.Google Scholar
Mariolis, P. (1975) “Interlocking directorates and control of corporations.” Social Science Quarterly 56: 454459.Google Scholar
Mills, C. W. (1956) The Power Elite. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mizruchi, M. S. (1982) The American Corporate Network: 1904-1974. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Palmer, D. (1982) “Theories of corporate control.” Stanford University, (mimeo)Google Scholar
Palmer, D. (1983) “Broken ties: interlocking directorates and intercorporate coordination.” Administrative Science Quarterly 28: 4055.Google Scholar
Palmer, D. (1982) “Theories of corporate control.” Stanford, CA: Stanford University. (mimeo)Google Scholar
Parsons, F. (1905) The Railways, the Trusts, and the People. Philadelphia: C. F. Taylor.Google Scholar
Pennings, J. M. (1980) Interlocking Directories: Origins and Consequences of Connections Among Organizations’ Boards of Directors. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Poor’s Manual of Industrials (annual) New York: H. V. Poor.Google Scholar
Porter, G. (1973) The Rise of Big Business, 1860-1910. Arlington Heights, IL: AHM.Google Scholar
Rand McNally Bankers’ Directory and List of Bank Attorneys (annual) Chicago: Rand McNally.Google Scholar
Roberts, P. (1901) The Anthracite Coal Industry. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Roy, W. G. (1981) “The vesting of interests and the determinants of political power.” American Journal of Sociology 86: 12871310.Google Scholar
Roy, W. G. (1982) “Collecting data on American business officials in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.” Historical Methods 15: 143151.Google Scholar
Schwartz, M. and Mintz, B. (1981) “Interlocking directorates and interest group formation.” American Sociological Review 46: 851869.Google Scholar
Scott, J. (1979) Corporations, Classes and Capitalism. London: Hutchinson.Google Scholar
Sonquist, J. A. and Koenig, T. (1975) “Interlocking directorates in the top U. S. corporations: a graph theory approach.” Insurgent Sociologist 3 (Spring): 196231.Google Scholar
Soref, M. (1980) “The finance capitalists,” pp. 6282 in Zeitlin, M. (ed.) Classes, Class Conflict, and the State. Cambridge, MA: Winthrop.Google Scholar
U.S. Bureau of Corporations (1906) Report of the Commissioner of Corporations on the Transportation of Petroleum. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
U.S. Bureau of Corporations (1907) Report of the Commissioner of Corporations on the Petroleum Industry. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Commerce (1975) Historical Statistics of the United States. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
U.S. Technical Committee on Industrial Classification. Division of Statistical Standards (1942) Standard Industrial Classification Manual. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Useem, M. (1979) “The social organization of the business elite and participation of corporate directors in the governance of American institutions.” American Sociological Review 44: 553572.Google Scholar
Zeitlin, M. (1974) “Corporate ownership and control: the large corporation and the capitalist class.” American Journal of Sociology 79: 10731119.Google Scholar
Zeitlin, M., Neuman, W. L., and Ratcliff, R. E. (1976) “Class segments: agrarian property and political leadership in the capitalist class of Chile.” American Sociological Review 41: 10061029.Google Scholar