Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T19:45:07.575Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Political Radicalization and Political Violence in Palestine (1920–1948), Ireland (1850–1921), and Cyprus (1914–1959)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2016

Chares Demetriou
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The connection between political radicalization and political violence is often thought to follow “organic stages.” That is, radicalization is considered to be a progression leading to violence, after which time radicalization and violence evolve together dialectically. This ideal-typical process does correspond to historical evidence, and this article presents such evidence from the political contention in Palestine during the Mandate period. However, other historical evidence points to deviations from this ideal type. Evidence from political contention in pre-1921 Ireland and in pre-1960 Cyprus suggests two forms of such deviations. Irish history suggests that violence may be effectively introduced by political forces that at an earlier stage had not been part of the process of political contention at large; Cypriot history suggests that violence may be introduced through forces that were autonomous from the ongoing process of political contention even though organizationally part of it. The historical comparison at hand, furthermore, points to the increased role of historical contingency in the instances where the relation between political radicalization and political violence deviates from the ideal-typical form.

Type
Special Section: Cultures of Radicalization: Discourse and Practices of Political Violence and Terrorism
Information
Social Science History , Volume 36 , Issue 3 , Fall 2012 , pp. 391 - 420
Copyright
Copyright © Social Science History Association 2012 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Augusteijn, J. (1996) From Public Defiance to Guerrilla Warfare: The Experience of Ordinary Volunteers in the Irish War of Independence, 1916–1921. London: Irish Academic Press.Google Scholar
Averoff-Tossizza, E. (1986) Lost Opportunities: The Cyprus Question, 1950–1963. New Rochelle, NY: Caratzas.Google Scholar
Bew, P. (2007) Ireland: The Politics of Enmity, 1789–2006. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Choisi, J. (1993) “The Turkish Cypriot elite: Its social function and legitimation.” Cyprus Review 5 (2): 7–32.Google Scholar
Coleman, M. (2002) “Mobilisation: The South Longford by-election and its impact on political mobilisation,” in Augusteijn, J. (ed.) The Irish Revolution, 1913–1923. New York: Palgrave: 53–69.Google Scholar
Crawshaw, N. (1978) The Cyprus Revolt: An Account of the Struggle for Union with Greece. London: Beccles and Colchester.Google Scholar
della Porta, D.Tarrow, S. (1986) “Unwanted children: Political violence and the cycle of protest in Italy, 1966–1973.” European Journal of Political Research 14 (5–6): 607–32.Google Scholar
Demetriou, C. (2007) “Political violence and legitimation: The episode of colonial Cyprus.” Qualitative Sociology 30 (2): 171–93.Google Scholar
English, R. (2007) Irish Freedom: The History of Nationalism in Ireland. London: Pan.Google Scholar
Faustmann, H. (1998) “Clientelism in the Greek Cypriot community of Cyprus under British rule.” Cyprus Review 10 (2): 41–78.Google Scholar
Galnoor, I. (1995) The Partition of Palestine: Decision Crossroads in the Zionist Movement. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Garvin, T. (1987) Nationalist Revolutionaries in Ireland, 1858–1928. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
Georghallides, G. (1979) A Political and Administrative History of Cyprus, 1918–26. Nicosia: Cyprus Research Centre.Google Scholar
Grivas, G. (1961) Aπομνημονεύματα αγώνος E.O.K.A., 1955–1959 [Memoirs of the EOKA struggle, 1955–1959]. Athens: privately printed.Google Scholar
Gupta, D. (2008) Understanding Terrorism and Political Violence. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hart, P. (1998) The I.R.A. and Its Enemies: Violence and Community in Cork, 1916–1923. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
Heller, J. (1995) The Stern Gang: Ideology, Politics, and Terror, 1940–1949. London: Cass.Google Scholar
Hickey, D.Doherty, J. (2005) A New Dictionary of Irish History from 1800. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan.Google Scholar
Horowitz, D.Lissak, M. (1978) Origins of the Israeli Polity: Palestine under the Mandate. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Katsiaounis, R. (2000) H Διασκεπτική [The Conference]. Nicosia: Cyprus Research Centre.Google Scholar
Kelling, G. (2001) “To stay or not to stay, that is the question: Cyprus and the official mind of imperialism in the postwar world (1945–1955).” Cyprus Review 13 (2): 13–28.Google Scholar
Khalaf, I. (1991) Politics in Palestine: Arab Functionalism and Arab Disintegration, 1939–1948. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Kizilyürek, N. (1993) “From traditionalism to nationalism and beyond.” Cyprus Review 5 (2): 58–67.Google Scholar
Kranidiotis, N. (1981) Δύσκολα Xρόvια: Kύπρος 1950–1960 [Hard Years: Cyprus, 1950–1960]. Athens: Estia.Google Scholar
Lorch, N. (1961) The Edge of the Sword: Israel’s War of Independence, 1947–1949. Jerusalem: Massada.Google Scholar
Markides, K. (1977) The Rise and Fall of the Cyprus Republic. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
McAdam, D.Tarrow, S.Tilly, C. (2001) Dynamics of Contention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Milton-Edwards, B. (1996) Islamic Politics in Palestine. London: Tauris.Google Scholar
Morris, B. (2001) “Revisiting the Palestinian exodus of 1948,” in Eugene, R.Shlaim, A. (eds.) The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 37–59.Google Scholar
Paionides, P. (1995) Αvδρέας Zιαρτίδης: Xωρίς Φόβο και Πάθος [Andreas Ziartides: Without Fear or Passion]. Nicosia: privately printed.Google Scholar
Penkower, M. (2002) Decision on Palestine Deferred: America, Britain, and Wartime Diplomacy, 1939–1945. London: Cass.Google Scholar
Shapira, A. (1992) Land and Power: The Zionist Resort to Force, 1881–1948. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, C. (2001) Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s.Google Scholar
Stefanidis, I. (1999) Isle of Discord: Nationalism, Imperialism, and the Making of the Cyprus Problem. London: Hurst.Google Scholar
Townshend, C. (1975) The British Campaign in Ireland, 1919–1921: The Development of Political and Military Policies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Townshend, C. (1983) Political Violence in Ireland: Government and Resistance since 1848. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Townshend, C. (2006) Easter 1916: The Irish Rebellion. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Walker, G. (2004) A History of the Ulster Unionist Part: Protest, Pragmatism, and Pessimism. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar