Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T07:18:19.622Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Growing Discontents of Older British Employees: Extended Working Life at Risk from Quality of Working Life

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Deborah Smeaton
Affiliation:
Policy Studies Institute, University of Westminster E-mail: [email protected]
Michael White
Affiliation:
Policy Studies Institute, University of Westminster E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

A key component of sustainable welfare policy is the extension of working life (EWL). Currently this aim is chiefly pursued by financial policies, neglecting the potential role of quality of working life (QWL) in attracting people to remain employed. National survey data for Britain in the years 1992, 2006 and 2012 demonstrate deteriorating overall job attitude among older employees, following the changed competitive and technological conditions of the 1990s. The investigation goes on to diagnose aspects of the work situation implicated in adverse experience of work among older employees. Work demands and the nature of work emerge as key areas of discontent, with additional evidence of insecurity, and dissatisfaction with pensions, emerging over the recent recession. Policies potentially addressing QWL, with particular attention to the role of employers, are reviewed in the conclusion.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barnes, H., Smeaton, D. and Taylor, R. (2009) An Ageing Workforce: The Employer's Perspective, Institute for Employment Studies Research Report No. 468, London: IES.Google Scholar
Beck, U. (1992) Risk Society: Toward a New Modernity, London: Sage.Google Scholar
Berk, R. A. (1990) ‘A primer on robust regression’, in Fox, J. and Long, J. S. (eds.), Modern Methods of Data Analysis, Newbury Park, CA: Sage, pp. 292324.Google Scholar
Black, C. (2008) Working for a Healthier Tomorrow (The Black Review), London: Department for Work and Pensions, http://www.dwp.gov.uk/docs/hwwb-working-for-a-healthier-tomorrow.pdf.Google Scholar
Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) (2002) Recruitment and Retention 2002, Survey report, London: CIPD.Google Scholar
Clark, A. E., Diener, E., Georgellis, Y. and Lucas, R. E. (2008) ‘Lags and leads in life satisfaction: a test of the baseline hypothesis’, The Economic Journal, 118, 529, F222–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coyle-Shapiro, J. and Kessler, I. (2000) ‘Consequences of the psychological contract for the employment relationship: a large scale survey’, Journal of Management Studies, 37, 7, 903–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Disney, R., Grundy, E. and Johnson, P. (1998) The Dynamics of Retirement: Analyses of the Retirement Surveys, Research Report 72, London: Department of Work and Pensions.Google Scholar
Dreher, A., Gaston, N. and Martens, P. (2008) Measuring Globalisation – Gauging Its Consequences, New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Edwards, R. (1979) Contested Terrain: The Transformation of the Workforce in the Twentieth Century, New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Esping-Andersen, G. (1996) ‘After the golden age? Welfare state dilemmas in a global economy’, in Esping-Andersen, G. (ed.), Welfare States in Transition: National Adaptations in Global Economies, London: Sage.Google Scholar
Felstead, A. (2010) ‘Closing the age gap? Age, skills and the experience of work in Britain’, Ageing and Society, 30, 8, 1293–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A. and Frijters, P. (2004) ‘How important is methodology for the estimates of the determinants of happiness?’, The Economic Journal, 114, 497, 641–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitzgerald, R. (1988) British Labour Management and Industrial Welfare, 1846–1939, London: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Forth, J., Bewley, H. and Bryson, A. (2006) Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: Findings from the 2004 Workplace Employment Relations Survey, London: Department of Trade and Industry.Google Scholar
Gallie, D. (2007) ‘Task discretion and job quality’, in Gallie, D. (ed.), Employment Regimes and the Quality of Work, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 105–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallie, D. (2013) ‘Direct participation and the quality of work’, Human Relations, 66, 4, 453–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallie, D., Felstead, A. and Green, F. (2001) ‘Employer policies and organizational commitment in Britain 1992–97’, Journal of Management Studies, 38, 8, 1081–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallie, D., Felstead, A. and Green, F. (2012) ‘Job preferences and the intrinsic quality of work: the changing attitudes of British employees 1992–2006’, Work, Employment and Society, 26, 5, 806–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallie, D., White, M., Cheng, Y. and Tomlinson, M. (1998) Restructuring the Employment Relationship, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Green, F. (2006) Demanding Work: The Paradox of Job Quality in the Affluent Economy, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Guillemard, A. M. and Rein, M. (1993) ‘Comparative patterns of retirement: recent trends in developed societies’, Annual Review of Sociology, 19, 469503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, D. A., Newman, D. A. and Roth, P. L. (2006) ‘How important are job attitudes? Meta-analytical comparisons of integrative behavioral outcomes and time sequences’, Academy of Management Journal, 45, 2, 305–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Health and Safety Executive (HSE) (2012) Management Standards for Work Related Stress, www.hse.gov.uk/stress/standards/index.htm [accessed 24.01.2013].Google Scholar
Hofäcker, D. (2010) Older Workers in a Globalizing World: An International Comparison of Retirement and Late-Career Patterns in Western Industrialized Countries, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ilmarinen, J. (2004) ‘Past, present and future of work ability’, in Ilmarinen, J. and Lehtinen, S. (eds.), Past, Present and Future of Work Ability, People and Work Research Reports 65, Helsinki: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, pp. 125.Google Scholar
Jabbs, J. and Devine, C. (2006) ‘Time scarcity and food choices: an overview’, Appetite, 47, 2, 196204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacoby, S. M. (1999) ‘Are career jobs headed for extinction?’, California Management Review, 42, 1, 123–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalleberg, A. L. and Berg, I. (1987) Work and Industry: Structures, Markets and Processes, New York: Plenum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazear, E. P. (1981) ‘Agency, earnings profiles, productivity, and hours restrictions’, American Economic Review, 71, 4, 606–20.Google Scholar
Lincoln, J. R. and Kalleberg, A. L. (1990) Culture, Control, and Commitment: A Study of Work Organization and Attitudes in the United States and Japan, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lissenbergh, S. and Smeaton, D. (2003) Employment Transitions of Older Workers: The Role of Flexible Employment in Maintaining Labour Market Participation and Promoting Job Quality, Bristol: The Policy Press.Google Scholar
Loretto, W. and White, P. (2006) ‘Employers’ attitudes, practices and policies towards older workers’, Human Resource Management Journal, 16, 3, 313–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNair, S. and Flynn, M. (2006) The Age Dimension of Employment Practices: Employer Case Studies, Employment Research Series No. 42, London: DTI.Google Scholar
Maltby, T. (2011) ‘Extending working lives? Employability, work ability and better quality working lives’, Social Policy and Society, 10, 3, 299308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, P., Allington, N. and Heery, E. (2000) ‘Employment insecurity in the public services’, in Heery, E. and Salmon, J. (eds.), The Insecure Workforce, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Nickell, S. J., Jones, P. and Quintini, G. (2002) ‘A picture of job insecurity facing british men’, The Economic Journal, 112, 476, 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2004) Ageing and Employment Policies: United Kingdom, Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.Google Scholar
Pensions Commission (2005) A New Pension Settlement for the Twenty-First Century, The second report of the Pensions Commission, London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Roberts, I. (2006) ‘Taking age out of the workplace: putting older workers back in?’, Work, Employment and Society, 20, 1, 6786.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, S. L. and Rousseau, D. M. (1994) ‘Violating the psychological contract: not the exception but the norm’, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 3, 245–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, A. (1991) The Growth of Occupational Welfare in Britain, Aldershot: Avebury.Google Scholar
Schor, J. (1991) The Overworked American: The Unexpected Decline of Leisure, New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Standing, G. (2011) The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class, London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Smeaton, D. and Vegeris, S. (2009) Older People Inside and Outside the Labour Market: A Review, Research Report 22, Manchester: Equality and Human Rights Commission.Google Scholar
Smeaton, D., Vegeris, S. and Sahin-Dikmen, M. (2010) Older Workers: Employment Preferences, Barriers, and Solutions, Research Report 43, Manchester: Equality and Human Rights Commission.Google Scholar
Tåhlin, M. (2007) ‘Skills and wages in European labour markets: structure and change’, in Gallie, D. (ed.), Employment Regimes and the Quality of Work, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Toynbee, P. (2003) Hard Work: Life in Low-Pay Britain, London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Trades Union Congress (TUC) (2012) ‘Surge in older workers doing unpaid overtime’, press release, 22 February, https://www.tuc.org.uk/workplace-issues/working-time/work-life-balance/surge-older-workers-doing-unpaid-overtime [accessed 10.06.2015].Google Scholar
Turnbull, P. and Wass, V. (2000) ‘Redundancy and the paradox of job insecurity’, in Heery, E. and Salmon, J. (eds.), The Insecure Workforce, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Walker, A. (2005) ‘The emergence of age management in Europe’, International Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 10, 1, 685–97.Google Scholar
White, M. (2012) ‘Older workers under pressure? Theorizing the reasons for discontent’, Work, Employment and Society, 26, 3, 447–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, M. (2015) The Progress of HRM in the Public Sector 1998–2011, PSI Discussion Paper, London: PSI.Google Scholar
White, M., Hill, S., Mills, C. and Smeaton, D. (2004) Managing to Change? British Workplaces and the Future of Work, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Wooldridge, J. M. (2002) Econometric Analysis of Cross-Section and Panel Data, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Worrall, L. and Cooper, C. (2001) The Quality of Working Life: 2000 Survey of Managers’ Changing Experiences, London: The Institute of Management.Google Scholar