Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T07:18:21.720Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Gender Inequalities and Risk During the ‘Rush Hour’ of Life

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 October 2012

Dina Bowman
Affiliation:
Research and Policy Centre, Brotherhood of St Laurence/School of Social and Political Studies, The University of Melbourne E-mail: [email protected]
Eve Bodsworth
Affiliation:
Research and Policy Centre, Brotherhood of St Laurence E-mail: [email protected]
Jens O. Zinn
Affiliation:
School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Melbourne E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Increasingly, social policies combine to intensify old risks and create new social risks with unequal consequences for men and women. These risks include those created by changing normative expectations and the resulting tensions between social policy, paid employment and family life. Policy reliance on highly aggregated standardised outcome data and generalised models of autonomous rational action result in policies that lack an understanding of the rationales that structure everyday life. Drawing on two Australian studies, we illustrate the importance of attending to the intersections and collisions of social change and normative policy frameworks from the perspective of individual ‘lived lives’.

Type
Themed Section on Risk, Social Inclusion and the Life Course
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Armstrong, J. (2006) ‘Beyond “juggling” and “flexibility”: classed and gendered experiences of combining employment and motherhood’, Sociological Research Online, 11, 2.Google Scholar
Auer, P., Efendioğlu, Ű. and Leschke, J. (2008) Active Labour Market Policies Around the World: Coping with the Consequences of Globalization, Geneva: International Labour Organisation.Google Scholar
Australian Bureau of Statistics (2010) 1370.0 − Measures of Australia's Progress, 2010− Work, http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Lookup/by%20Subject/1370.0~2010~Chapter~Casual%20employees%20(4.3.5.4) [accessed 20.05.2012].Google Scholar
Australian Bureau of Statistics (2011) Australian Social Trends, December 2011, cat. no. 4102.0, http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/4102.0Main+Features30Dec+2011#part [accessed 24.04.2012].Google Scholar
Bekker, S. and Wilthagen, A. C. J. M. (2008) ‘Flexicurity: a European approach to labour market policy’, Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, 43, 2, 6873.Google Scholar
Betzelt, S. and Bothfeld, S. (eds.) (2011) Activation and Labour Market Reforms in Europe: Challenges to Social Citizenship, Houndhills, Basingtoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Bodsworth, E. (2012) ‘The implications of welfare reform for single parent families in their transition to paid work’, Ph.D. thesis, Deakin University, Melbourne.Google Scholar
Bonoli, G. (2007) ‘Time matters: postindustrialisation, new social risks, and welfare state adaptation in advanced industrial democracies’, Comparative Poltical Studies, 40, 5, 495520.Google Scholar
Bowman, D. (forthcoming) Job Retention and Advancement of Disadvantaged Jobseekers: Final Report, Fitzroy: Brotherhood of St Laurence.Google Scholar
Bovenberg, A. L. (2007) The Life-Course Perspective and Social Policies, SP Discussion paper No. 0719, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOCIALPROTECTION/Resources/SP-Discussion-papers/Labor-Market-DP/0719.pdf [accessed 15.03.2012].Google Scholar
Brennan, D. (2007) ‘Babies, budgets, and birthrates: work/family policy in Australia 1996–2006’, Social Politics, 14, 1, 3157.Google Scholar
Campbell, I., Whitehouse, G. and Baxter, J. (2009) ‘Australia: casual employment, part-time employment and the resilience of the male breadwinner model’, in Vosko, L., MacDonald, I. and Campbell, I. (eds.), Gender and the Contours of Precarious Employment, Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 125.Google Scholar
Carney, T. (2007) ‘Traveling the “work-first” road to welfare reform’, Just Policy, 44, 1220.Google Scholar
Cass, B. and Brennan, D (2003) ‘Taxing women: the politics of gender in the tax/transfer system’, eJournal of Tax Research, 1, 1, 3763.Google Scholar
Castles, F. G. (1985) The Working Class and Welfare: Reflections on the Political Development of the Welfare State in Australia and New Zealand, 1890–1980, Wellington, NZ: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Cortis, N. and Meagher, G. (2009) ‘Women, work and welfare in the activation state: an agenda for Australian research’, Australian Bulletin of Labour, 35, 4, 629–51.Google Scholar
Coyle, A. (2005) ‘Changing times: flexibilization and the re-organization of work in feminized labour markets’, The Sociological Review, 53, 2, 7388.Google Scholar
Daly, M. (2010) ‘Families versus state and market’, in Castles, F., Leibfried, S., Lewis, J., Obinger, H. and Pierson, C. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 139–51.Google Scholar
Duncan, S. and Edwards, R. (1999) Lone Mothers, Paid Work and Gendered Moral Rationalities, Basingstoke: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elder, G. H. Jr., Johnson, M. K. and Crosnoe, R. (2003) ‘The emergence and development of life course theory’, in Mortimer, J. T. and Shanahan, M. J. (eds.), Handbook of the Life Course, New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, pp. 319.Google Scholar
Giullari, S. and Lewis, J. (2005) The Adult Worker Model Family, Gender Equality and Care The Search for New Policy Principles, and the Possibilities and Problems of a Capabilities Approach, Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development.Google Scholar
Grace, M. (2006) ‘A 2Ist century feminist agenda for valuing care-work’, Journal of the Association for Research on Mothering, 8, 12, 311–22.Google Scholar
Hakim, C. (2001) Work–Lifestyle Choices in the 21st Century, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kohli, M. (1986) ‘Social organisation and subjective construction of the life course’, in Sørensen, A. B., Weinert, F. E. and Sherrod, L. R. (eds.), Human Development and the Life Course: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 271–92.Google Scholar
Lake, M. (1999) Getting Equal: The History of Australian Feminism, St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Letablier, M.-T., Eydoux, A. and Betzelt, S. (2011) ‘Gendering social citizenship: the impact of activation from a comparative perspective’, in Betzelt, S. and Bothfeld, S. (eds.), Activation and Labour Market Reforms in Europe: Challenges to Social Citizenship, Houndhills, Basingtoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 79100.Google Scholar
Lewis, J. (2002) ‘Gender and welfare state change’, European Societies, 4, 4, 331–57.Google Scholar
Lewis, J. (2005) ‘The changing context for the obligation to care and to earn’, in Maclean, M. (ed.), Family Law and Family Values, Oxford: Hart Publishing, pp. 5980.Google Scholar
Lewis, J. and Plomien, A. (2009) ‘Flexicurity as a policy strategy: the implications for gender equality’, Economy and Society, 38, 3, 433–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marston, G. (2010) ‘Shifting risk?’, in Marston, G., Moss, J. and Quiggan, J. (eds.), Risk, Welfare and Work, Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, pp. ixxviii.Google Scholar
Millar, J. and Ridge, T. (2009) ‘Relationships of care: working lone mothers, their children and employment sustainability’, Journal of Social Policy, 38, 1, 103–21.Google Scholar
Nelms, L. and Tsingas, C. (2010) Literature Review on Social Inclusion and Its Relationship to Minimum Wages and Workforce Participation, Canberra: Fair Work Australia.Google Scholar
OECD (2001) Innovations in Labour Market Policies: The Australian Way, Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
OECD (2008) Gender and Sustainable Development: Maximising the Economic, Social and Environmental Role of Women, Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
Pocock, B. (2003) The Work/Life Collision: What Work Is Doing to Australians and What to Do About It, Sydney: The Federation Press.Google Scholar
Rafferty, M. and Yu, S. (2010) Shifting Risk: Work and Working Life in Australia – a Report for the Australian Council of Trade Unions, Sydney: University of Sydney.Google Scholar
Schmid, G. (2006) ‘Social risk management through transitional labour markets’, Socio‑Economic Review, 4, 1, 133.Google Scholar
Taylor-Gooby, P. (2008) ‘Choice and values: individualised rational action and social goals’, Journal of Social Policy, 37, 2, 167–85.Google Scholar
Vosko, L., MacDonald, M. and Campbell, I. (eds.) (2009) Gender and the Contours of Precarious Employment, Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar