Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T05:26:28.274Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

‘Caregivers with a Heart Needed’: The Domestic Care Regime in Poland after 1989 and Ukrainian Migrants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2010

Myroslava Keryk*
Affiliation:
Lazarski School of Commerce and Law, Warsaw E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The article discusses the welfare regime that emerged in Poland after the collapse of communism and the introduction of the market economy. It analyses policy in the sphere of child and elderly care, and household strategies related to care. It is argued that the care regime in Poland is a combination of the conservative and the social-democratic model. On the one hand, the state provides equal labour market access to women and men. On the other hand, publicly funded child and elder care is insufficient, resulting in a care deficit. The situation has created demand for domestic care workers, and while Polish women do such work, it is increasingly performed by migrant women, particularly from Ukraine. To summarise, the article argues how gender and care regimes in Poland boost the domestic work sector, where Ukrainian migrants play an important role, and how this development has contributed to changes in the Polish migration regime.

Type
Themed Section on Domestic and Care Work at the Intersection of Welfare, Gender and Migration Regimes
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, B. (1993), ‘Britain's Secret Slaves: Investigation into the Plight of Overseas Domestic Workers in the United Kingdom, London: Anti-Slavery International.Google Scholar
Commission of the European Communities, ‘Annual country assessments – a detailed overview of progress made with the implementation of the Lisbon Strategy reforms in Member States in 2008’, http://ec.europa.eu/growthandjobs/pdf/european-dimension-200812-annual-progress-report/annualass_detail.pdf [accessed 14.06.2009].Google Scholar
Bieniecki, M., Frelak, J., Kaźmierkiewicz, P. and Pawlak, M. (2008), Ukrainian Migrants on the Polish Labour Market, Ukraine: Kiev IOM.Google Scholar
Butler, A. C. (1995), ‘The impact of the social welfare policies on self-initiative and family structure: the case of Poland’, The Social Service Review, 69, 1, 130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castles, S. and Miller, M. J. (1993), The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World, Basingstoke: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Central Statistical Office (2008), Concise Statistical Yearbook of Poland, Year LI, Warsaw: Central Statistical Office.Google Scholar
Ministry of Labour and Social Policy (2008), ‘Data about employment of foreigners on the basis of employment intention, 2008’, http://www.mpips.gov.pl/index.php?gid=1286 [accessed 16.06.2009].Google Scholar
Esping-Andersen, G. (1990), The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Esping-Andersen, G. (ed.) (1996), Welfare States in Transition: National Adaptations in Global Economies, London: Sage.Google Scholar
Glass, C. and Fodor, E. (2007), ‘From public to private maternalism? Gender and welfare in Poland and Hungary after 1989’, Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, 14, 3, 323–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hacker, B. (2009), ‘Hybridization instead of clustering: transformation processes of welfare policies in Central and Eastern Europe’, Social Policy and Administration, 43, 2, 152–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jordan, J. (2006), ‘Mothers, wives, and workers: explaining gendered dimensions of the welfare state’, Comparative Political Studies, 39, 9, 1109–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kindler, M. (2008a), ‘Risk and risk strategies in migration: Ukrainian domestic workers in Poland’, in Lutz, H. (ed.), Migration and Domestic Work: A European Perspective on a Global Theme, Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 145–60.Google Scholar
Kindler, M. (2008b), ‘“Niewidoczna” Praca Ukraińskie Migrantki Pracujące w Charakterze Pomocy Domowych w Polsce’, in Slany, Krystyna (ed.), Migracje Kobiet. Perspektywa Wielowymiarowa, Krakow, pp. 200–20.Google Scholar
Lutz, H. (ed.) (2008), Migration and Domestic Work: A European Perspective on a Global Theme, Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Muczyński, M. and Żynel, M. (2008), Ewaluacja Strategii Uelastycznienia Publicznych Źłobków i Przedszkoli, Białystok: Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Białymstoku.Google Scholar
Parrenas, R. S. (2001), Servants of Globalization: Women, Migration and Domestic Work, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Pascall, G. and Kwak, A. (2005), Gender Regimes in Transition in Central and Eastern Europe, Bristol: Policy Press.Google Scholar
Pascall, G. and Manning, N. (2000), ‘Gender and social policy: comparing welfare states in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union’, Journal of European Social Policy, 10, 3, 240–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peterson, E. (2007), ‘The invisible carers: framing domestic work(ers) in gender equality policies in Spain’, European Journal of Women's Studies, 14, 265–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plomien, A. (2009), ‘Welfare state, gender, and reconciliation of work and family in Poland: policy developments and practice in a new EU member’, Social Policy and Administration, 43, 2, 136–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosińska-Kordasiewicz, A. (2005), ‘Praca Pomocy Domowej: Doświadczenie Polskich Migrantek w Neapolu’, CMR Working Papers, 4, 62, Warszawa: ISS UW.Google Scholar
Samoraj, B. (2007), ‘Raport: Przedsiębiorczość Kobiet na Polskim Rynku Pracy na Przykładzie Cudzoziemek Zatrudnionych Nielegalnie w Sektorze Usług Domowych’, Warsaw.Google Scholar
Saxonberg, S. and Szelewa, D. (2007), ‘The continuing legacy of the communist legacy? The development of family policies in Poland and the Czech Republic’, Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, 14, 3, 351–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szelewa, D. and Polakowski, M. P. (2008), ‘Who cares? Changing patterns of childcare in Central and Eastern Europe’, Journal of European Social Policy, 18, 2, 115–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar