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The Left Opposition as an Alternative to Stalinism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 January 2017

Robert V. Daniels
Robert V. Daniels*
Affiliation:
University of Vermont
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Extract

Soviet historians, roaming the wide range of speculation that glasnost has opened to them, are trying to exorcise the terrible memory of Stalinism by exploring the might-have-beens, the alternative policies and lines of development that the Soviet Union might have chosen at the critical turning point a decade after the revolution. Articles and conferences one after another on this period have been focusing on "alternatives" or "the Choice of Paths of Social Development."

Type
1989 Moscow Historians Conference
Information
Slavic Review , Volume 50 , Issue 2 , Summer 1991 , pp. 277 - 285
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies. 1991

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References

1. Robert V. Daniels, The Conscience of the Revolution: Communist Opposition in Soviet Russia (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960), 50-51, based on the biographies of revolutionary leaders in Entsiklopedicheskii Slovar’ (Moscow and Petrograd: Granat, 1925-1928), appendices to vols. 41-43.

2. Viacheslav Molotov, speech at the Central Committee School for District Party Workers, 2 October 1926, Pravda, 5 October 1926.

3. See Sheila Fitzpatrick, “The Bolsheviks’ Dilemma: Class, Culture, and Politics in the Early Soviet Years,” Slavic Review 47 (Winter 1988): 599-613.

4. Lev Trotskii, “Tezisy o promyshlennosti” (6 March 1923), Trotsky Archive, Harvard University, document number T2964.

5. Declaration of the Thirteen (July 1926), Trotsky Archive T880a.

6. Trotskii, “Tezisy o promyshlennosti.”

7. Lev Trotskii, “Nashi raznoglasiia” (November 1924), Trotsky Archive T2969, English translation in Leon Trotsky: The Challenge of the Left Opposition (1923-25), ed. Naomi Allen (New York: Pathfinder, 1975), 301.

8. Evgenii Preobrazhenskii, Novaia ekonomika, 2nd ed. (Moscow: Kommunisticheskaia Akademiia, 1926), 92-94.

9. Nikolai Bukharin, Teoriapermanentnoi revoliutsii,” Pravda, 28 December 1925.

10. Chetyrnadtsatyi s “ezd VKP (b): Stenograficheskii otchet (Moscow: Partizdat, 1926), 230-232.

11. Preobrazhenskii, Novaia ekonomika, 99.

12. See especially Lev Trotskii, The Lessons of October (New York: Pioneer, 1937), 37, 52; Declaration of the Eighty-Four, 25 May 1927, Trotsky Archive T941.

13. Stalin, “Oktiabr'skaia revoliutsiia i taktika russkikh kommunistov” (December 1924), in Stalin, Voprosy Leninizma (Moscow: Gossotsekizdat, 1931), 114.

14. Lenin, “O lozunge soedinennykh shtatov Evropy” (23 August 1915), Sochineniia, 3rd ed., 30 vols. (Moscow: IMEL, 1928-1937) 18: 232.

15. Stalin, “Oktiabr'skaia Revoliutsiia,” 110.

16. Lev Kamenev, at the Fifteenth Party Conference, Pravda, 5 November 1926, citing Lenin, “Neskol'ko tezisov” (13 October 1915), Sochineniia 18: 312.

17. Trotskii, Pis'mo k TsK i TsKK RKP (b), 8 Octrober 1923, summarized and quoted in Sotsialisticheskii Vestnik, 28 May 1924, 10 (English translation of the latter in Allen, ed., Leon Trotsky, 50-58). Full Russian text published in hvestiia TsK, no. 5, 1990.

18. Declaration of the Forty-Six (15 October 1923), Trotsky Archive T802a; hvestiia TsK, no. 6, 1990.

19. Declaration of the Thirteen.

20. Boris Bazhanov, Stalin, der rote Diktator (Berlin: Aretz, 1931), 33.

21. Gregorii Zinov'ev, Sodoklad o politicheskoi rabote TsK, Chetyrnadtsatyi s “ezd VKP(b), Pravda, 23 December 1925.

22. Lev Kamenev, in ibid., 274-275.

23. Lev Trotskii, Statement to the Politburo, 6 June 1926, Trotsky Archive T2986; idem, Theses for the Fifteenth Party Conference (19 September 1926), Trotsky Archive T3006; Trotskii et al., Declaration on the Speech of Comrade Molotov on the Insurrectionism of the Opposition (4 August 1927), Trotsky Archive T993b; Lev Trotskii, Speech to the Presidium of the ECCI, 27-28 September 1927, Trotsky Archive T3094.

24. Lev Trotskii, Speech to the Central Committee, 23 October 1927, in Trotskii, The Real Situation in Russia (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1928), 7.

25. Nikolai Bukharin, Report to the Leningrad Party Organization, 28 July 1926, Pravda, 3 August 1926.

26. Stalin, concluding remarks at the Seventh Plenum of the ECCI, Pravda, 19 Decmeber 1926; and idem, Political Report of the Central Committee, Piatnadtsatyi s “ezd VKP(b): Stenograficheskii otchet (Moscow: Gosizdat, 1928), 75.

27. Nikolai Bukharin, Report to the Leningrad party organization, Pravda, 3 August 1926.

28. Concluding remarks by Trotskii at the joint plenum of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission, 26 October 1923, Voprosy Istorii KPSS, no. 5 (1990): 36. See also V. P. Danilov, “My nachinaem poznavat’ Trotskogo,” Eko, no. 1 (1990): 57, 60.

29. Declaration of Zinov'ev, Kamenev, Trotskii, Piatakov, and Sokol'nikov, 16 October 1926, Pravda, 17 October 1926.

30. Lev Trotskii, statement to the Preliminary Commission of Inquiiy, John Dewey, chairman, in The Case of Leon Trotsky: Report of Hearings on the Charges Made against Him in the Moscow Trials (New York: Harper, 1937), 440-441.

31. One Soviet specialist on the subject suggested to me in private conversation in April 1990, “Stalin ne byl paranoik, a bandit.”

32. Day, Richard B., Leon Trotsky and the Politics of Economic Isolation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973), 182–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

33. Ibid., 186.

34. Evgenii Preobrazhenskii, statement “Ko vsem tovarishcham po oppozitsii,” April 1929, Trotsky Archive.