Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T19:47:08.021Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Introduction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 October 2018

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Beyond the Iron Curtain: Eastern Europe and the Global Cold War
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

This thematic cluster originated during the workshop “Iron Curtain Crossings: Eastern Europe and the Global Cold War” organized at Ohio State University in March 2016 with the generous support of the Mershon Center for International Security Studies, the Center for Slavic and East European Studies, the Department of History, and the Department of Slavic and East European Languages and Culture’s Paisii Fund. We thank all the participants for their insightful contributions to our discussions, which have informed the framing of this introduction.

References

1. The four case studies presented here illustrate some of the new directions in the study of eastern Europe and the global Cold War, and especially the role of experts and intellectual elites. They do not claim to offer a comprehensive reinterpretation of the east European experience during the Cold War; rather, they are part of new research that looks beyond the nation-state or the communist bloc as frameworks of analysis while also using interdisciplinary approaches.

2. The body of literature on “inventing” eastern Europe, starting with the pioneering book by Larry Wolff, is substantial. For recent works that interrogate the core-periphery tropes within Europe see, for example, Ballinger, Pamela, “Recursive Easts, Shifting Peripheries: Wither Europe’s ‘Easts’ and ‘Peripheries’?” in “Special Section: Recursive Easts, Shifting Peripheries,” a special issue of East European Politics and Societies and Cultures 31, no. 1 (February 2017): 310CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Aldcroft, Derek H., Europe’s Third World: The European Periphery in the Interwar Years (Aldershot, Eng., 2006)Google Scholar; and Porter-Szucs, Brian, Poland in the Modern World: Beyond Martyrdom (New York, 2014)Google Scholar. For classic accounts see Wolff, Larry, Inventing Eastern Europe: The Map of Civilization of the Mind of the Enlightenment (Stanford, 1994)Google Scholar; and Todorova, Maria, Imagining the Balkans (New York, 1997)Google Scholar.

3. For more extensive discussion of the historical literature on east European communism see Fidelis, Malgorzata and Gigova, Irina, “Communism and Its Legacy,” in Livezeanu, Irina and von Klimo, Arpad, eds., The Routledge History of East Central Europe since 1700 (New York, 2017), 365414Google Scholar.

4. Judt, Tony, Postwar: A History of Europe since 1945 (New York, 2006)Google Scholar; and Caute, David, The Dancer Defects: The Struggle for Cultural Supremacy During the Cold War (New York, 2003)Google Scholar.

5. AHR Roundable: Historians and the Question of “Modernity,” Introduction,” The American Historical Review 116, no. 3 (June 2011): 634Google Scholar.

6. For recent work see, for example, Miklóssy, Katalin and Ilic, Melanie, eds. Competition in Socialist Society (New York, 2014)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Bren, Paulina and Neuburger, Mary, eds., Communism Unwrapped: Consumption in Cold War Eastern Europe (New York, 2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Pence, Katherine and Betts, Paul, eds., Socialist Modern: East German Everyday Culture and Politics (Ann Arbor, 2008)Google Scholar.

7. Crowley, David and Reid, Susan, “Introduction,” in Crowley and Reid, eds., Pleasures in Socialism: Leisure and Luxury in the Eastern Bloc (Evanston, 2010), 351, 12CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

8. Gorsuch, Anne E. and Koenker, Diane P., “Introduction,” in Gorsuch and Koenker, eds., Turizm: The Russian and East European Tourist under Capitalism and Socialism (Ithaca, 2006), 114, 13Google Scholar.

9. Examples of recent research on these topics include Nebřensky, Zdenĕk, “From International Activity to Foreign Tourism: East-West Interaction, Czechoslovak Youth Travel, and Political Imagination after Stalin,” East European Politics and Societies and Cultures 29, no. 1 (March 2015): 147–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Rutter, Nick, “Look Left, Drive Right: Internationalism at the 1968 World Youth Festival,” in Gorsuch, Anne E. and Koenker, Diane P., eds., The Socialist Sixties: Crossing Borders in the Second World (Bloomington, 2013), 193212Google Scholar; Péteri, György, “Sites of Convergence: The USSR and Communist Eastern Europe at International Fairs Abroad and at Home,” special issue of Journal of Contemporary History 47, no. 1 (January 2012): 312CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Applebaum, Rachel, “The Friendship Project: Socialist Internationalism in the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia in the 1950s and 1960s, Slavic Review 74, no. 3 (Fall 2015): 484507CrossRefGoogle Scholar.”

10. See Luthar, Breda, “Remembering Socialism: On Desire, Consumption, and Surveillance,” Journal of Consumer Culture 6, no. 2 (July 2006): 229–58CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Patterson, Patrick, Bought and Sold: Living and Losing the Good Life in Socialist Yugoslavia (Ithaca, 2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Zatlin, Jonathan, The Currency of Socialism: Money and Political Culture in East Germany (Washington, DC; New York, 2007)Google Scholar; and Kochanowski, Jerzy, Through the Back Door: The Black Market in Poland, 1944–1989 (Frankfurt, 2017)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

11. Luthar, “Remembering Socialism,” 230; Kochanowski, Through the Back Door.

12. See Keck-Szajbel, Mark, “A Cultural Shift in the 1970s: ‘Texas’ Jeans, Taboos, and Transnational Tourism,” East European Politics and Societies and Cultures 29, no. 1 (March 2015): 212–25CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

13. McMahon, Robert J., ed., The Cold War in the Third World (New York, 2013), 4Google Scholar.

14. Engerman, David C., “The Second World’s Third World,” Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 12, no. 1 (Winter 2011): 183211Google Scholar.

15. Westad, Odd Arne, The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times (New York, 2005), 4, 8–9, 39–40, 9297CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

16. McMahon, The Cold War in the Third World; Westad, The Global Cold War.

17. Latham, Michael E., “The Cold War in the Third World, 1963–1975,” in Leffler, Melvyn P. and Westad, Odd Arne, eds., The Cambridge History of the Cold War, Vol. 2: Crisis and Détente (New York, 2016), 268Google Scholar.

18. Latham, “The Cold War in the Third World,” 266–67, 274–75.

19. Duara, Prasenjit, “Introduction: The Decolonization of Asia and Africa in the Twentieth Century,” in Duara, Prasenjit, ed. Decolonization: Perspectives from Now and Then (New York, 2004), 120Google Scholar.

20. For a recent overview of the vast literature see Hodge, Joseph Morgan, “Writing the History of Development (Part 2: Longer, Deeper, Wider),” Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism and Development, 7, no. 1 (Spring 2016): 125–74CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

21. Engerman, “The Second World’s Third World,” 189; Boden, Ragna, “Cold War Economics: Soviet Aid to Indonesia,” Journal of Cold War Studies 10, no. 3 (Summer 2008): 110–28CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

22. Engerman, David C., “Learning from the East: Soviet Experts and India in the Era of Competitive Coexistence,” Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 33, no. 2 (2013): 227–35CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Engerman, David C., The Price of Aid: The Economic Cold War in India (Cambridge, Mass., 2018)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Elizabeth Bishop, “Talking Shop: Egyptian Engineers and Soviet Specialists at the Aswan High Damn” (PhD diss., University of Chicago, 1997); Matusevich, Maxim, No Easy Row for the Russian Hoe: Ideology and Pragmatism in Russian-Nigerian Relations, 1960–1991 (Trenton, NJ, 2003)Google Scholar.

23. Muehlenbeck, Philip, Czechoslovakia in Africa, 1945–1968 (New York, 2016)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

24. Trentin, Massimilano, “‘Tough Negotiations’: The Two Germanies in Syria and Iraq, 1963–1974,” Cold War History 8, no. 3 (August 2008): 353–80CrossRefGoogle Scholar. For Bulgaria, see Victor Petrov, “Welcome to Cyberia: The Bulgarian Information Age and the Creation of a Socialist Business Class 1970–1990,” paper presented at the workshop “A Change of Plans: New Perspectives on Bulgaria’s Command Economy,” Sofia, Bulgaria, July 28, 2016.

25. Historians are yet to develop a coherent theoretical framework for transnational history. Questions raised a decade ago in the American Historical Review are still relevant today in shaping the methodology of transnational history. See Bayly, C. A., Beckert, Sven, Connelly, Matthew, Hofmeyr, Isabel, Kozol, Wendy and Seed, Patricia, “AHR Conversation: On Transnational History,” American Historical Review, 111, no. 5 (December 2006): 1441–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar. See also Duara, Prasenjit, “Transnationalism and the Challenge of National Histories,” in Bender, Thomas, ed., Rethinking American History in a Global Age (Berkeley, 2002)Google Scholar.

26. Hilton, Matthew and Mitter, Rana, “Introduction,” Special Issue, Transnationalism and Global History, Past and Present 218, no. Supplement 8 (January 2013): 728CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

27. Curthoys, Ann and Lake, Marilyn, “Introduction,” in Curthoys and Lake, eds., Connected Worlds: History in Transnational Perspective (Canberra, 2005), 5Google Scholar, quoted in Bracke, Maud Anne and Mark, James, “Between Decolonization and the Cold War: Transnational Activism and its Limits in Europe, 1950s–90s,” in Journal of Contemporary History 50, no. 3 (July 2015): 404CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

28. Goedde, Petra, “Power, Culture, and the Rise of Transnational History in the United States,” The International History Review 40, no. 3 (February 2017): 592608CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

29. Examples of recent scholarship on the role of mass media include Gorsuch, Anne, “From Iron Curtain to Silver Screen: Imagining the West in the Khrushchev Era,” in Péteri, György, ed., Imagining the West in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union (Pittsburgh, 2010), 153–71CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Fidelis, Malgorzata, “Are You a Modern Girl? Consumer Culture and Young Women in 1960s Poland,” in Penn, Shana and Massino, Jill, eds., Gender Politics and Everyday Life in State Socialist Eastern Europe (New York, 2009), 171–84Google Scholar; and Taylor, Karin, Let’s Twist Again: Youth and Leisure in Socialist Bulgaria (Vienna, 2006)Google Scholar.

30. For recent work see, for example, Jobs, Richard Ivan, Backpack Ambassadors: How Youth Travel Integrated Europe (Chicago, 2017)Google Scholar; Fichter, Madigan, “Yugoslav Protest: Student Rebellion in Zagreb, Belgrade, and Sarajevo in 1968,” Slavic Review 75, no. 1 (Spring 2016): 99121CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Mark, James, Apor, Péter, Vučetić, Radina and Osęka, Piotr, “‘We are with you, Vietnam’: Transnational Solidarities in Socialist Hungary, Poland, and Yugoslavia,” Journal of Contemporary History 50, no. 3 (July 2015): 439–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Gildea, Robert, Mark, James, and Warring, Anette, eds., Europe’s 1968: Voices of Revolt (Oxford, 2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Brown, Timothy and Anton, Lorena, eds., Between the Avant-garde and the Everyday: Subversive Politics in Europe from 1957 to the Present (New York, 2011)Google Scholar; and Kenney, Padraic and Rainer-Horn, Gerd, eds., Transnational Moments of Change: Europe 1945, 1968, 1989 (Lanham, MD., 2004)Google Scholar.

31. Bracke and Mark, “Between Decolonization and the Cold War,” 405.

32. On transnational conservative movements, see, for example, the panel “50 Years after 1968: Research on the Global 1960s, part 1, 1968 as a Local/Global Event,” American Historical Association, Washington, DC, January 6, 2018. URL: https://www.c-span.org/video/?439228-2/fifty-years-1968 (last accessed May 29, 2018); and Suri, Jeremy, Power and Protest: Global Revolution and the Rise of Détente (Cambridge, Mass., 2003)Google Scholar.

33. For a short but insightful discussion of the distinction between global and transnational approaches, see Gorsuch and Koenker, “Introduction: The Socialist 1960s in Global Perspective,” in The Socialist Sixties, 1–21, esp. 8–10. See also Michael David-Fox, “Conclusion: Transnational History and the East-West Divide,” in Péteri, Imagining the West, 258–68; Hyung-Gu Lynn, “Globalization and the Cold War” and von Eschen, Penny, “Locating the Transnational in the Cold War,” in Immerman, Richard H. and Goedde, Petra, eds., Oxford Handbook of the Cold War (New York, 2013), 451–68; 584601Google Scholar.

34. Dragostinova, Theodora, “The East in the West: Bulgarian Culture in the United States of America during the Global 1970s,” Journal of Contemporary History, 53, no. 1 (January 2018): 212–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

35. Brown, Kate, Plutopia: Nuclear Families, Atomic Cities, and the Great Soviet and American Plutonium Disasters (Oxford, 2013)Google Scholar.

36. For a more extensive discussion of postwar Albania and Cold War politics see Mëhilli, Elidor, From Stalin to Mao: Albania and the Socialist World (Ithaca, 2017)Google Scholar.