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The role of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) awns in seed dispersal

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 January 2021

Yaddehige P.J. Amarasinghe ,
Mitsuharu Otsuka ,
Sathya Lim ,
Ryo Ishikawa  and
Takashige Ishii Open the ORCID record for Takashige Ishii [Opens in a new window]
Yaddehige P.J. Amarasinghe
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe657-8501, Japan
Mitsuharu Otsuka
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe657-8501, Japan
Sathya Lim
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe657-8501, Japan
Ryo Ishikawa
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe657-8501, Japan
Takashige Ishii*
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe657-8501, Japan
*
Author for correspondence: Takashige Ishii, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) was domesticated from the Asian wild species O. rufipogon. Compared with cultivated rice, wild rice has spikelets/seeds with long barbed awns. In order to evaluate the role of awns in wild rice, four seed groups with different awn lengths (full, half, quarter and no awns) were prepared, and the following seed dispersal movements were investigated under simulated natural conditions as observed in the tropical Asian habitat: (1) seed detachment from the parent plant; (2) falling angle of mature seed; (3) ability to slip into small spaces; (4) horizontal movement on the ground and (5) horizontal movement in water. As a result, awns were found to enhance the detachment of matured seeds from the panicles in the initial seed dispersal step. They regulated vertical orientation in the air, and the vertical form may enable seeds to squeeze to the ground. The awned seeds also showed advantages in horizontal movements on the ground and in the water. In most of the experiments, seeds with full awns showed the best performance for seed dispersal, suggesting that wild rice keeps long awns to survive under natural conditions. Since seed awning is dominantly controlled by wild functional alleles at several loci, wild rice may be able to prevent a drastic reduction of awn length.

Keywords

awnawn lengthOryza rufipogonseed dispersalwild rice
Type
Research Paper
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 30 , Special Issue 4: Functional Seed Ecology , December 2020 , pp. 319 - 324
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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