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Evolutionary considerations of the presence of both morphophysiological and physiological seed dormancy in the highly advanced euasterids II order Dipsacales

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2007

Jerry M. Baskin ,
Siti N. Hidayati ,
Carol C. Baskin ,
Jeffrey L. Walck ,
Zhen-Ying Huang  and
Ching-Te Chien
Jerry M. Baskin*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
Siti N. Hidayati
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA
Carol C. Baskin
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA
Jeffrey L. Walck
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA
Zhen-Ying Huang
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, P.R. China
Ching-Te Chien
Affiliation:
Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53 Nan-Hai Road, Taipei 10066, Taiwan
*
*Fax: +1 859 257 1717, Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Although the underdeveloped embryo, and thus morphological (MD) or morphophysiological (MPD) seed dormancy, is basal in angiosperms, it also occurs in advanced groups. A synthesis of the literature, combining phylogeny and the kind of seed dormancy in the highly evolutionarily advanced order Dipsacales, shows that MPD (or MD) occurs throughout all clades except the most advanced one, Valerina. Seeds of taxa in the Valerina clade have fully developed embryos and physiological dormancy (PD) or are non-dormant (ND); thus, PD and ND are derived conditions in Dipsacales. Assuming that types of seed dormancy have not changed since the Early Tertiary, the fossil record suggests that MPD (or MD) was present in extant genera of Dipsacales by the Palaeocene, but PD (or ND) not until the Miocene. Molecular dating indicates that the ages of dipsacalean lineages with MPD and PD are older than those indicated by the fossil evidence.

Keywords

Dipsacalesevolution of seed dormancyfossil fruits and seedsmorphophysiological dormancyphylogenyphysiological dormancyunderdeveloped embryo
Type
Research Analysis
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 16 , Issue 4 , December 2006 , pp. 233 - 242
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2006

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