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Ethylene in seed formation and germination

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2007

Angel J. Matilla
Angel J. Matilla*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, Spain
*
*Correspondence Fax: +34 981 5491 912 Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Abstract In seed formation the role of ethylene has received little attention. The data available on zygotic embryogenesis suggest an association of the ethylene biosynthetic pathway and seed maturation. Over the course of dicot embryogenesis, ACC-oxidase mRNA can be expressed in the cotyledons and embryonic axis. However, as maturation proceeds, cotyledonary ACC-oxidase expression disappears. In some seeds that develop primary dormancy, ethylene synthesis can be among the prerequisites for breaking dormancy. Moreover, the persistence of dormancy may be related to the difficulty of the embryonic axis to produce the necessary ethylene levels or to low tissue sensitivity. The use of inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis or its action has provided data implicating an ethylene requirement for seed dormancy or germination in some species. However, the role of ethylene in germination remains controversial. Some authors hold that gas production is a consequence of the germination process, while others contend that ethylene production is a requirement for germination. Furthermore, among seeds that require ethylene, some are extremely sensitive to the gas, while others require relatively high levels to trigger germination. Recent studies with Xanthium pennsylvanicum seeds suggest that β-cyanoalanine-synthase is involved in ethylene-dependent germination. In addition, regulation of the partitioning of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) between the ethylene vs polyamine biosynthetic pathways may be a way of controlling germination in some seeds. Such regulation may also apply to the reversal of seed thermoinhibition, which can occur when polyamine synthesis is inhibited, thereby strongly channelling AdoMet towards ethylene. The biological models and approaches that may shed additional light on the role of ethylene during seed germination are presented.

Keywords

abscisic acid1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acidACC-oxidaseACC-synthasecell expansionβ-cyanoalanine-synthasedormancyethylenegermination1-(malonylamino)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acidmethyl jasmonatemitochondrial respirationosmoprimingpollen grainspolyaminesseed developmentshort-chain saturated fatty acidsthermoinhibition
Type
Review Article
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 10 , Issue 2 , June 2000 , pp. 111 - 126
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2000

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