Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T02:42:01.241Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Embryo dormancy responses to temperature in capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) seeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2007

Amanda J. Ellery*
Affiliation:
CSIRO Centre for Mediterranean Agricultural Research, Private Bag 5, Wembley WA 6913, Australia
*
*Correspondence Fax: +61 8 9387 8991 Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Changes in embryo dormancy of capeweed [Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns.] seeds in response to temperature were investigated to determine the nature of seasonal dormancy cycles. Primary embryo dormancy persisted for 2–3 months after seed collection and was then rapidly relieved when seeds were maintained at temperatures simulating summer soil surface temperatures. Embryo dormancy was also rapidly relieved in seeds maintained at constant temperatures, indicating that a daily temperature fluctuation was not necessary for the relief of embryo dormancy in capeweed. Dormancy relief was maximal at 40°C. Secondary dormancy was induced when seeds were maintained at low temperatures and a water potential of –1.5 MPa, suggesting that the onset of winter may postpone germination until a subsequent autumn. These results indicate that the dormancy cycles observed in capeweed seeds maintained on the soil surface are probably driven by seasonal changes in soil temperature.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. (1998) Seeds: Ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. San Diego, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (1984) Effect of temperature during burial on dormant and non-dormant seeds of Lamium amplexicaule L. and ecological implications. Weed Research 24, 333339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (1986) Temperature requirements for after-ripening in seeds of nine winter annuals. Weed Research 26, 375380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolger, T.P., Chapman, R.P. and LeCoultre, I.F. (1996) Germination ecology of capeweed (Arctotheca calendula). In in Second national workshop on native seed biology for revegetation. pp 195198. Newcastle, NSW, Australian Centre for Minesite Rehabilitation Research.Google Scholar
Chaharsoghi, A.T. and Jacobs, B. (1998) Manipulating dormancy of capeweed (Arctotheca calendula L.) seed. Seed Science Research 8, 139146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunbabin, M.T. and Cocks, P.S. (1999) Ecotypic variation for seed dormancy contributes to the success of capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) in Western Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, 14511458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellery, A.J. and Chapman, R. (2000) Embryo and seed coat factors produce dormancy in capeweed (Arctotheca calendula). Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, 849854.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emmerich, W.E. and Hardegree, S.P. (1990) Polyethylene glycol solution contact effects on seed germination. Agronomy Journal 82, 11031107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hilhorst, H.W.M. (1998) The regulation of secondary dormancy. The membrane hypothesis revisited. Seed Science Research 8, 7790.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
International, Seed Testing Association (1985) International rules for seed testing. Seed Science and Technology 13, 464483.Google Scholar
McIvor, J.G. and Smith, D.F. (1973) Competitive growth of capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) and some annual pasture species. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 13, 185189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mead, R. and Curnow, R.N. (1983) Statistical methods in agriculture and experimental biology. (1st edition). London, Chapman and Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michel, B.E. and Kaufmann, M.R. (1973) The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiology 51, 914916.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pekrun, C., Lutman, P.J.W. and Baeumer, K. (1997) Induction of secondary dormancy in rape seeds (Brassica napus L.) by prolonged imbibition under conditions of water stress or oxygen deficiency in darkness. European Journal of Agronomy 6, 245255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peters, N.C.B. (1982) Production and dormancy of wild oat (Avena fatua) seed from plants grown under soil water stress. Annals of Applied Biology 100, 189196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puckridge, D.W. and French, R.J. (1983) The annual legume pasture in cereal–ley farming systems of southern Australia: a review. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 9, 229267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinlivan, B.J. (1961) The effect of constant and fluctuating temperatures on the permeability of the hard seed coats of some legume species. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 12, 10091022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinlivan, B.J. (1968) Seed coat impermeability in the common annual legume pasture species of Western Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 8, 695701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Revell, C.K. and Taylor, G.B. (1998) Effect of temperature and light on seed softening in yellow serradella. pp 195198. Michalk, D.L. and Pratley, J.E. (Eds). Proceedings of the 9th Australian agronomy conference. Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australian Society of Agronomy.Google Scholar
Rossiter, R.C. (1966) Ecology of the mediterranean annual-type pasture. Advances in Agronomy 18, 157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sawhney, R. and Naylor, J.M. (1982) Dormancy studies in seed of Avena fatua. 13. Influence of drought stress during seed development on duration of seed dormancy. Canadian Journal of Botany 60, 10161020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, G.B. (1981) Effects of constant temperature followed by fluctuating temperatures on the softening of hard seeds of Trifolium subterraneum L. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 8, 547558.Google Scholar
Taylor, G.B. (1984) Effect of burial on the softening of hard seeds of subterranean clover. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 35, 201210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, G.B. (1996) Effect of the environment in which seeds are grown and softened on the incidence of autumn seed softening in two species of annual medics. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, A141A159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomson, C.J., Ewing, M.A., Turner, N.C., Revell, C.K. and Le, Coultre, I.F. (1998) Influence of rotation and time of germinating rains on the productivity and composition of annual pastures in Western Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, 225232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torres, M. and Frutos, G. (1990) Logistic function analysis of germination behaviour of aged fennel seeds. Environmental and Experimental Botany 30, 383390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vertucci, C.W., Roos, E.E. and Crane, J. (1994) Theoretical basis of protocols for seed storage III. Optimum moisture contents for pea seeds stored at different temperatures. Annals of Botany 74, 531540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar