Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T09:58:48.027Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of temperature on dormancy and germination of Eupatorium cannabinum L. achenes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2007

Markus Brändel  and
Kai Jensen
Markus Brändel*
Affiliation:
University of Hamburg, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
Kai Jensen
Affiliation:
University of Hamburg, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
*
*Correspondence: Fax: +49 4042816254 Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of various temperature regimes on dormancy and germination in Eupatorium cannabinum, a common wetland species in Central Europe. Germination of dry-stored achenes was tested at increasing amplitudes of temperature fluctuations, and stratified achenes were germinated at constant temperatures. Dormancy release was examined in the laboratory at constant temperatures of 3, 8, 12, 15 and 18°C. The effect of an increase in temperature during stratification from 5°C to 15, 18 or 20/10°C on dormancy was tested. Moreover, achenes were exposed to yearly seasonal temperature cycles in the soil in an experimental garden. Germination of dry-stored achenes was not promoted by fluctuating temperatures, while stratified achenes germinated (>5%) over a range of constant temperatures between 9 and 36°C. Dormancy was relieved at all stratification temperatures, but temperatures ≤12°C were more effective than higher temperatures, since germination occurred over a wider range of test conditions after these pretreatments. An induction of secondary dormancy occurred only if the temperature was increased during stratification. Annual dormancy cycles were apparent when achenes were germinated at 15°C, while at 25 and 15/5°C germination was always >60%. The germination behaviour of Eupatorium is that of a typical wetland species. Thus, non-dormant achenes germinated at relatively high temperatures, and germination was promoted by fluctuating temperatures. The annual course of dormancy revealed that achenes can germinate throughout the growing season under favourable conditions. Achenes sown in an experimental garden germinated in spring, when daily mean temperatures were around 14°C. A decline in viability of achenes after 19 months' burial indicated that Eupatorium does not form a long-term persistent seed bank.

Type
Research Article
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , June 2005 , pp. 143 - 151
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. (1988) Germination ecophysiology of herbaceous plant species in a temperate region. American Journal of Botany 75, 286–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. (1998) Seeds: Ecology, biogeography and evolution of dormancy and germination. San Diego, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M. and Chester, E.W. (1993a) Seed germination ecophysiology of four summer annual mudflat species of Cyperaceae. Aquatic Botany 45, 41–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M. and Leck, M.A. (1993b) Afterripening pattern during cold stratification of achenes of ten perennial Asteraceae from Eastern North America and evolutionary implications. Plant Species Biology 8, 61–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (2004) A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Science Research 14, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benvenuti, S. and Macchia, M. (1995) Effect of hypoxia on buried weed seed germination. Weed Research 35, 343–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bewley, J.D. and Black, M. (1994) Seeds. Physiology of development and germination. 2nd editionNew York, Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouwmeester, H.J. and Karssen, C.M. (1992) The dual role of temperature in the regulation of seasonal changes in dormancy and germination of seeds of Polygonum persicaria L. Oecologia 90, 88–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bouwmeester, H.J. and Karssen, C.M. (1993) Annual changes in dormancy and germination in Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. New Phytologist 124, 179–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brändel, M. (2004) The role of temperature in the regulation of dormancy and germination of two related summer-annual mudflat species. Aquatic Botany 79, 15–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brändel, M. (2005) Effect of temperature on germination and dormancy in three mudflat species of Lamiaceae Wetlands (in press).Google Scholar
Düll, R. and Kutzelnigg, H. (1994) Botanisch-ökologisches Exkursionstaschenbuch. Heidelberg, Quelle and Meyer Verlag.Google Scholar
Ekstam, B. and Bengtsson, B.E. (1993) An incubator for studies of germination responses to temperature and interacting environmental factors. Seed Science and Technology 21, 301–308.Google Scholar
Egley, G.H. and Duke, S.O. (1985) Physiology of weed seed dormancy and germination. pp. 27–64. in Duke, S.O. (Ed.) Weed physiology (Volume 1): Reproduction and ecophysiology. Boca Raton, CRC Press.Google Scholar
Froud-Williams, R.J., Hilton, J.R. and Dixon, J. (1986) Evidence for an endogenous cycle of dormancy in dry stored seeds Poa trivialis L. New Phytologist 102, 123–131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A.G., Neal, A.M. and Shaw, S. (1981) A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69, 1017–1059.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, K. (2004) Dormancy patterns, germination ecology and seed-bank types of 20 temperate fen grassland species. Wetlands 24, 152–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karssen, C.M. (1982) Seasonal patterns of dormancy in weed seeds. pp. 243–270. in Khan, A.A. (Ed.) The physiology and biochemistry of seed development, dormancy and germination. Amsterdam, Elsevier Biomedical Press.Google Scholar
Ludwig, H., Hinze, E. and Junges, W. (1982) Endogene Rhythmen des Keimverhaltens der Samen von Kartoffeln, insbesondere von Solanum acaule. Seed Science and Technology 10, 77–86.Google Scholar
McCullagh, P. and Nelder, J.A. (1989) Generalised linear models. 2nd editionLondon, Chapman & Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milberg, P. (1994) Annual dark dormancy cycle in buried seeds of Lychnis flos-cuculi. Annales Botanici Fennici 31, 163–167.Google Scholar
Pons, T.L. (1991) Dormancy, germination and mortality of seeds in a chalk-grassland flora. Journal of Ecology 79, 765–780.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Probert, R.J. (2000) The role of temperature in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination. pp. 261–292. in Fenner, M. (Ed.) Seeds: The ecology of regeneration in plant communities. 2nd editionWallingford, CABI Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reisman-Bergman, O., Kigel, J. and Rubin, B. (1989) Short soaking in water inhibits germination of Datura ferox L. and Datura stramonium L. seeds. Weed Research 29, 357–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS (1996) SAS/STAT software: Changes and enhancements through Release 6.11. Cary, North Carolina, SAS Institute.Google Scholar
Thompson, K. and Grime, J.P. (1983) A comparative study of germination responses to diurnally-fluctuating temperatures. Journal of Applied Ecology 20, 141–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. and Webb, D.A. (1976) Flora europaea – Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Vleeshouwers, L. (1997) Modelling weed emergence patterns. Ph.D. Thesis, Wageningen, Agriculture University.Google Scholar