Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T16:15:57.590Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Physical dormancy in seeds of Dodonaea viscosa (Sapindales, Sapindaceae) from Hawaii

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2007

Jerry M. Baskin ,
Barbara H. Davis ,
Carol C. Baskin ,
Sean M. Gleason  and
Susan Cordell
Jerry M. Baskin*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506-0225, USA
Barbara H. Davis
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506-0225, USA
Carol C. Baskin
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506-0225, USA Department of Agronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40546-0091, USA
Sean M. Gleason
Affiliation:
Pohakuloa Training Area, United States Army, PO Box 6346, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
Susan Cordell
Affiliation:
USDA Forest Service, 23 East Kawaili Street, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
*
*Correspondence Fax: +1 859 257 1717 Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Dormancy in seeds of Dodonaea viscosa is due to a water-impermeable seed coat (physical dormancy, PY). Thus, mechanically scarified seeds imbibed water (c. 95% increase in mass) and germinated to high percentages over a wide range of temperature regimes in both white light and darkness, whereas non-scarified seeds did not take up water. Dry heat at 80–160°C and dipping in boiling water for 1–60 s also broke dormancy in a high percentage of the seeds, and continuous far-red light was not inhibitory to germination. However, dry storage in the laboratory for >1 year did not overcome dormancy. Seeds made water-permeable by boiling imbibed water, and thus germinated, at a much slower rate than those made water-permeable by mechanical scarification. We suggest that boiling opened the ‘water gap’ in the seed coat (not yet described in Sapindaceae but present in other taxa with PY) and that water entered the seed only through this small opening, thereby accounting for the slow rate of imbibition and subsequent germination. Physical dormancy has now been shown to occur in seeds of this polymorphic, worldwide species from Australia, Brazil, Hawaii, Mexico and New Zealand. The low level of dormancy reported for seed lots of D. viscosa in China, India and Pakistan is probably due to collection of seeds before they dried to the critical moisture content for development of water-impermeability of the seed coat. Germination of non-dormant seeds over a wide range of temperatures and in white light, far-red (leaf-canopy shade) light and darkness are part of the germination strategy of D. viscosa and of other taxa whose seeds have PY at maturity.

Keywords

Dodonaeafar-red lightgerminationheatingimbibitionphysical seed dormancywater gap
Type
Research Article
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 14 , Issue 1 , March 2004 , pp. 81 - 90
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aitken, Y. (1939) The problem of hard seeds in subterranean clover. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, New Series 51(Part II), 187–210.Google Scholar
Ballaré, C.L. (1994) Light gaps: Sensing the light opportunities in highly dynamic canopy environments. pp. 73–110. in Caldwell, M.M.;Pearcy, R.W.; (Eds) Exploration of environmental heterogeneity by plants San Diego, Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. (1998) Seeds: Ecology, biogeography, and evolution of seed dormancy and germination. San Diego, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (1974) Some eco-physiological aspects of seed dormancy in Geranium carolinianum L. from central Tennessee. Oecologia 16, 209–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (1984) Environmental conditions required for germination of prickly sida ( Sida spinosa ). Weed Science 32, 786–791.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (2000) Evolutionary considerations of claims for physical dormancy-break by microbial action and abrasion by soil particles. Seed Science Research 10, 409–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, J.M., Nan, X. and Baskin, C.C. (1998a) A comparative study of seed dormancy and germination in an annual and a perennial species of Senna (Fabaceae). Seed Science Research 8, 501–512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, J.M., Tyndall, R.W., Chaffins, M. and Baskin, C.C. (1998b) Effect of salinity on germination and viability of nondormant seeds of the federal threatened species Aeschynomene virginica (Fabaceae). Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 123, 246–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, J.M., Baskin, C.C. and Li, X. (2000) Taxonomy, anatomy and evolution of physical dormancy in seeds. Plant Species Biology 15, 139–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhagat, S. and Singh, V. (1994) Storage capacity of some temperate shrubs. The Indian Forester 120, 258–261.Google Scholar
Botto, J.F., Sánchez, R.A., Whitlam, G.C. and Casal, J.J. (1996) Phytochrome A mediates the promotion of seed germination by very low fluences of light and canopy shade light in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 110, 439–444.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brahmam, M., Sree, A. and Saxena, C. (1996) Effect of pre-soaking treatments on seed germination of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. and Sapindus trifoliatus L. (Sapindaceae). Advances in Plant Sciences 9, 137–142.Google Scholar
Burrows, C.J. (1995) Germination behavior of the seeds of six New Zealand woody plant species. New Zealand Journal of Botany 33, 365–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casal, J.J. and Sánchez, R.A. (1998) Phytochromes and seed germination. Seed Science Research 8, 317–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cavanaugh, A.K. (1980) Review of some aspects of the germination of Acacias. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 91, 161–180.Google Scholar
Chachalis, D. and Smith, M.L. (2000) Imbibition behavior of soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill) accessions with different testa characteristics. Seed Science and Technology 28, 321–331.Google Scholar
Chawan, D.D. and Sen, D.N. (1973) Action of light in the germination of seeds and seedling growth in two desert species of Sida. Brotéria 42, 141–148.Google Scholar
Compilation Committee (2000) Seeds of woody plants in China. Beijing, China Woody Plant Press.Google Scholar
Corner, E.J.H. (1976) The seeds of dicotyledons, Vols I and II. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Degreef, J., Rocha, O.J., Vanderborght, T. and Baudoin, J.-P. (2002) Soil seed bank and seed dormancy in wild populations of lima bean (Fabaceae): Considerations for in situ and ex situ conservation. American Journal of Botany 89, 1644–1650.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dell, B. (1980) Structure and function of the strophiolar plug in seeds of Albizia lophantha. American Journal of Botany 67, 556–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doussi, M.A. and Thanos, C.A. (2002) Breaking of the seed coat-imposed dormancy in Cistaceae The structural aspect. p. 165 (abstract) in VII International workshop on seed biology: Workshop program, Salamanca, Spain, 12–16. May 2002.Google Scholar
Duke, S.H. and Kakefuda, G. (1981) Role of the testa in preventing cellular rupture during imbibition of legume seeds. Plant Physiology 67, 449–456.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Egley, G.H. (1976) Germination of developing prickly sida seeds. Weed Science 24, 239–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egley, G.H. and Paul, R.N. (1981) Morphological observations on the early imbibition of water by Sida spinosa (Malvaceae) seeds. American Journal of Botany 68, 1056–1065.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floyd, A.G. (1966) Effect of fire upon weed seeds in the wet sclerophyll forests of northern New South Wales. Australian Journal of Botany 14, 243–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fordham, A. (1960) Germination of double-dormant seeds. Proceedings of the Plant Propagators Society 10, 206–210.Google Scholar
Gonderman, R.L., O'Rourke, R.L.S. (1961) Factors affecting the germination of Koelreuteria seed. Proceedings of the Plant Propagators Society 11, 98–101.Google Scholar
Gonzalez Kladiano, V. and Camacho Morfin, F. (1994) Avances en la propagación de quatro especies presentes en El Pedregal de San Angel D.F. pp. 403–410. in Rojo, A., Mexico, D.F.Reserva ecológica del Pedregal de San Angel. Ecologia historia natural y manejo. Mexico, D.F., Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico.Google Scholar
Hamly, D.H. (1932) Softening of the seeds of Melilotus alba. Botanical Gazette 93, 345–375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanna, P.J. (1984) Anatomical features of the seed coat of Acacia kempeana (Mueller) which relate to increased germination rate induced by heat treatment. New Phytologist 96, 23–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herranz, J.M., Ferrandis, P. and Martínez-Sánchez, J.J. (1998) Influence of heat on seed germination of seven Mediterranean Leguminosae species. Plant Ecology 136, 95–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgkinson, K.C. (1979) The shrubs of poplar box ( Eucalyptus populnea ) lands and their biology. Australian Rangeland Journal 1, 280–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgkinson, K.C. (1991) Shrub recruitment response to intensity and season of fire in a semi-arid woodland. Journal of Applied Ecology 28, 60–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgkinson, K.C. and Oxley, R.E. (1990) Influence of fire and edaphic factors on germination of the arid zone shrubs Acacia aneura, Cassia nemophila and Dodonaea viscosa. Australian Journal of Botany 38, 269–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hussain, F., Shaukat, S., Ilahi, I. and Zakariya Qureshi, M. (1991) Note on the germination behaviour of Dodonaea viscosa (Linn.) Jacq. Science Khyber 4, 45–49.Google Scholar
Hyde, E.O. (1954) The function of the hilum in some Papilionaceae in relation to the ripening of the seed and the permeability of the testa. Annals of Botany 18, 241–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leenhouts, P.W. (1983) Notes on the extra-Australian species of Dodonaea (Sapindaceae). Blumea 28, 271–289.Google Scholar
Leenhouts, P.W. (1994) Dodonaea. Flora Malesiana, Series I, Spermatophyta: Flowering plants, Vol. 11 (Part 3) Sapindaceae, pp. 522–527. Leiden, The Netherlands, Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus Leiden University.Google Scholar
Li, X., Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (1999a) Physiological dormancy and germination requirements of seeds of several North American Rhus species (Anacardiaceae). Seed Science Research 9, 237–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, X., Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (1999b) Anatomy of two mechanisms of breaking physical dormancy by experimental treatments in seeds of two North American Rhus species (Anacardiaceae). American Journal of Botany 86, 1505–1511.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, J. and Noshiro, S. (2003) Lack of latitudinal trends in wood anatomy of Dodonaea viscosa (Sapindaceae), a species with a worldwide distribution. American Journal of Botany 90, 532–539.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lush, W.M. and Evans, L.T. (1980) The seed coats of cowpeas and other grain legumes: Structure in relation to function. Field Crops Research 3, 267–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mabberley, D.J. (1997) The plant-book. A portable dictionary of the vascular plants (2nd edition). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Manning, J.C. and Van Staden, J. (1987a) The role of the lens in seed imbibition and seedling vigor of Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae). Annals of Botany 59, 705–713.Google Scholar
Manning, J.C. and Van Staden, J. (1987b) The functional differentiation of the testa in seed of Indigofera parviflora. Botanical Gazette 148, 23–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, J.M. and Watt, J.R. (1944) The strophiole and other seed structures associated with hardness in Melilotus alba L. and M. officinalis Willd. Iowa State College Journal of Science 18, 457–469.Google Scholar
Meisert, A. (2002) Physical dormancy in Geraniaceae seeds. Seed Science Research 12, 121–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrison, D.A., Auld, T.D., Rish, S., Porter, C. and McClay, K. (1992) Patterns of testa-imposed seed dormancy in native Australian legumes. Annals of Botany 70, 157–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munson, R.H. (1984) Germination of western soapberry as affected by scarification and stratification. HortScience 19, 712–713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naidu, C.V., Rajendrudu, G. and Swamy, P.M. (1999) Effect of temperature and acid scarification on seed germination in Sapindus trifoliatus Vahl. Seed Science and Technology 27, 885–892.Google Scholar
Naidu, C.V., Rajendrudu, G. and Swamy, P.M. (2000) Effect of plant growth regulators on seed germination of Sapindus trifoliatus Vahl. Seed Science and Technology 28, 249–252.Google Scholar
Nandi, O.I. (1998) Ovule and seed anatomy of Cistaceae and related Malvanae. Plant Systematics and Evolution 209, 239–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, I.-H. and Rehman, S. (1999) Studies on seed dormancy: Seed maturation in relation to dormancy in goldenraintree ( Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.). Acta Horticulturae 504, 199–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perez, S.C.J.G.A., Fanti, S.C. and Casali, C.A. (1999) Dormancy break and light quality effects on seed germination of Peltophorum dubium Taub. Revista Arvore 23, 131–137.Google Scholar
Qadir, S.A. and Lodhi, N. (1971) Germination behavior of seeds of some common shrubs. Journal of Science, University of Karachi 1, 84–97.Google Scholar
Rehman, S. and Park, I.-H. (2000) Effect of scarification, GA and chilling on the germination of goldenrain-tree ( Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.) seeds. Scientia Horticulturae 85, 319–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosa, S.G.T. and Ferreira, A.G. (2001) Germinação de sementes de plantas medicinais lenhosas. Acta Botanica Brasilica 15, 147–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serrato-Valenti, G., Cornara, L., Lotito, S. and Quagliotti, L. (1992) Seed coat structure and histochemistry of Abelmoschus esculentus. Chalazal region and water entry. Annals of Botany 69, 313–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serrato-Valenti, G. de, Vries, M. and Cornara, L. (1995) The hilar region in Leucaena leucocephala Lam. (DeWit) seed: structure, histochemistry and the role of the lens in germination. Annals of Botany 75, 569–574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharma, S.S. and Sen, D.N. (1975) Effect of light on seed germination and seedling growth of Merremia species. Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 10, 265–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sterling, C. (1954) Development of the seed coat of lima bean ( Phaseolus lunatus L.). Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 81, 271–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stienswat, W., Pollard, L.H. and Campbell, W.F. (1971) Nature of hard seededness in lima beans ( Phaseolus lunatus L.). Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 96, 312–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takaki, M. (2001) New proposal of classification of seeds based on forms of phytochrome instead of photoblastism. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal 13, 104–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takhtajan, A. (1997) Diversity and classification of flowering plants. New York, Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Thanos, C.A. and Georghiou, K. (1988) Ecophysiology of fire-stimulated seed germination in Cistus incanus ssp. creticus (L.) Heywood and C. salvifolius L. Plant, Cell and Environment 11, 841–849.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thanos, C.S., Georghiou, K., Kadis, C. and Pantazi, C. (1992) Cistaceae: A plant family with hard seeds. Israel Journal of Botany 41, 251–263.Google Scholar
Troumbis, A. and Trabaud, L. (1986) Comparison of reproductive biological attributes of two Cistus species. Acta Oecologica 7, 235–250.Google Scholar
Van Staden, J., Manning, J.C. and Kelly, K.M. (1989) Legume seeds – the structure:function equation. pp. 417–450. i Stirton, C.H.;Sarucchi, J.L.; (Eds) Advances in legume biology. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 29. St. Garden. Louis, Missouri, Missouri Botanical.Google Scholar
Vázquez-Yanes, C. and Orozco-Segovia, A. (1982) Seed germination of a tropical rainforest pioneer tree ( Heliocarpus donnell-smithii ) in response to diurnal fluctuation of temperature. Physiologia Plantarum 56, 295–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vázquez-Yanes, C. and Orozco-Segovia, A. (1994) Signals for seeds to sense and respond to gaps. pp. 209–236. in Caldwell, M.M.;Pearcy, R.W. (Eds) Exploitation of environmental heterogeneity by plants. San Diego, Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vora, R.S. (1989) Seed germination characteristics of selected native plants of the lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas. Journal of Range Management 42, 36–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. and Sohmer, S.H. (1999) Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Vol. 2 (revised edition). Bishop Museum Special Publication 83. Honolulu, University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
West, J.G. (1984) A revision of Dodonaea Miller (Sapindaceae) in Australia. Brunonia 7, 1–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
West, J.G. (1985) Dodonaea. Flora of Australia Vol. 25, pp. 114–127. Canberra, Australia, Australian Government Publishing Service.Google Scholar
Young, J.A. and Young, C.G. (1992) Seeds of woody plants in North America (revised and enlarged edition). Portland, Oregon, Dioscorides Press.Google Scholar