Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T12:48:58.709Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dormancy-break and germination in seeds of Prunus campanulata (Rosaceae): role of covering layers and changes in concentration of abscisic acid and gibberellins

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2007

Shun-Ying Chen ,
Ching-Te Chien ,
Jeng-Der Chung ,
Yuh-Shyong Yang  and
Shing-Rong Kuo
Shun-Ying Chen
Affiliation:
Division of Forest Biology, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53 Nan-Hai Road, Taipei, 10066, Taiwan School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
Ching-Te Chien*
Affiliation:
Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53 Nan-Hai Road, Taipei, 10066, Taiwan
Jeng-Der Chung
Affiliation:
Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53 Nan-Hai Road, Taipei, 10066, Taiwan
Yuh-Shyong Yang
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30068, Taiwan
Shing-Rong Kuo
Affiliation:
School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
*
*Correspondence Fax: +886 2 23078742 Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Intact seeds (seed+endocarp) from freshly harvested fruits of Prunus campanulata were dormant, and required 4–6 weeks of warm followed by 8 weeks of cold stratification for maximum germination percentage. Removing both endocarp and seed coat, however, promoted germination in a high percentage of non-stratified seeds. Treatment of intact, non-stratified seeds with gibberellic acid (GA3) was only partially effective in breaking dormancy. However, GA3 promoted germination of non-stratified seeds in which the endocarp (but not the seed coat) had been removed. The order of abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in fresh seeds was endocarp > seed coat > embryo, and its concentration in endocarp plus seed coat was about 6.2-fold higher than that in the embryo. Total ABA contents of seeds subjected to warm and/or cold moist stratification were reduced 6- to 12-fold. A higher concentration of GA4 was detected in embryos of non-dormant than in those of dormant seeds. Fluridone, a carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor, was efficient in breaking dormancy of Prunus seeds. Paclobutrazol, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, completely inhibited seed germination, and the inhibitory effect could be partially reversed by GA4, but not by GA3. Thus, dormancy in P. campanulata seeds is imposed by the covering layers. Dormancy break is accompanied by a decrease in ABA content of the covering layers and germination by an increase of embryonic GA4 content.

Keywords

abscisic acidcold and warm stratif icationendocarpfluridonegerminationgibberellinspaclobutrazolPrunus campanulataseed coatseed dormancy
Type
Research Article
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 17 , Issue 1 , March 2007 , pp. 21 - 32
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (2004) A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Science Research 14, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berry, T. and Bewley, J.D. (1992) A role for the surrounding fruit tissues in preventing germination of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seeds. A consideration of the osmotic environment and abscisic acid. Plant Physiology 100, 951–957.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bewley, J.D. (1997) Seed germination and dormancy. Plant Cell 9, 1055–1066.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bianco, J., Garello, G. and Le Page-Degivry, M.T. (1997) De novo ABA synthesis and expression of seed dormancy in a gymnosperm: Pseudotsuga menziesii. Plant Growth Regulation 21, 115–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, S. and Werner, D.J. (1984) Relationship of seed germination and respiration during stratification with cultivar chilling requirement in peach. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 109, 42–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, S.Y., Li, W.Y., Han, M.C., Wang, Y.C. and Chien, C.T. (2005) Association of abscisic acid and gibberellins with dormancy and germination in seeds of Prunus buergeriana Miq. Taiwan Journal of Forest Science 20, 227–237(in Chinese with English summary).Google Scholar
Chien, C.T., Kuo-Huang, L.L. and Lin, T.P. (1998) Changes in ultrastructure and abscisic acid level, and response to applied gibberellins in Taxus mairei seeds treated with warm and cold stratification. Annals of Botany 81, 41–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chien, C.T., Chen, S.Y. and Chang, W.L. (2002a) Stratification and gibberellin treatments for seeds of four Taiwanese tree species. Taiwan Journal of Forest Science 17, 51–57(in Chinese with English summary).Google Scholar
Chien, C.T., Chen, S.Y. and Yang, J.C. (2002b) Effect of stratification and drying on the germination and storage of Prunus campanulata seeds. Taiwan Journal of Forest Science 17, 413–420.Google Scholar
Chien, C.T., Kuo-Huang, L.L., Shen, Y.C., Zhang, R.C., Chen, S.Y., Yang, J.C. and Pharis, R.P. (2004) Storage behavior of Chionanthus retusus seed and asynchronous development of the radicle and shoot apex during germination in relation to germination inhibitors, including abscisic acid and four phenolic glucosides. Plant and Cell Physiology 45, 1158–1167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crocker, W. and Barton, L.V. (1931) After-ripening, germination, and storage of certain rosaceous seeds. Contributions from the Boyce Thompson Institute 3, 385–404.Google Scholar
Crozier, A., Kamiya, Y., Bishop, G. and Yokota, T. (2000) Biosynthesis of hormones and elicitor molecules. pp. 850–929 in Buchanan, B.B.; Gruissem, W.; Jones, R.L. (Eds) Biochemistry and molecular biology of plants. Rockville, Maryland, American Society of Plant Physiologists.Google Scholar
Derkx, M.P.M. and Karssen, C.M. (1993) Effects of light and temperature on seed dormancy and gibberellin-stimulated germination in Arabidopsis thaliana: Studies with gibberellin-deficient and gibberellin-insensitive mutants. Physiologia Plantarum 89, 360–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diaz, D.H. and Martin, G.C. (1972) Peach seed dormancy in relation to endogenous inhibitors and applied growth substances. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 97, 651–654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giersbach, J. and Crocker, W. (1932) Germination and storage of wild plum seeds. Contributions from the Boyce Thompson Institute 4, 39–51.Google Scholar
González-García, M.P., Rodríguez, D., Nicolás, C., Rodríguez, P.L., Nicolás, G. and Lorenzo, O. (2003) Negative regulation of abscisic acid signaling by the Fagus sylvatica FsPP2C1 plays a role in seed dormancy regulation and promotion of seed germination. Plant Physiology 133, 135–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grisez, T.J. (1974) Prunus L.: Cherry, peach, and plum. pp. 658–673 in Schopmeyer, C.S. (Ed.) Seeds of woody plants in the United States. Handbook No. 450. Washington, DC, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service.Google Scholar
Halińska, A. and Lewak, S. (1987) Free and conjugated gibberellins in dormancy and germination of apple seeds. Physiologia Plantarum 69, 523–530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hidayati, S.N., Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (2000) Morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of two North American and one Eurasian species of Sambucus (Carprifoliaceae) with underdeveloped spatulate embryos. American Journal of Botany 87, 1669–1678.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) (1999) International rules for seed testing. Seed Science and Technology. 27 (supplement).Google Scholar
Koornneef, M., Bentsink, L. and Hilhorst, H. (2002) Seed dormancy and germination. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 5, 33–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Le Page-Degivry, M.T., Garello, G. and Barthe, P. (1997) Changes in abscisic acid biosynthesis and catabolism during dormancy breaking in Fagus sylvatica embryo. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 16, 57–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipe, W.N. and Crane, J.C. (1966) Dormancy regulation in peach seeds. Science 153, 541–542.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lorenzo, O., Nicolás, C., Nicolás, G. and Rodríguez, D. (2002) GA3-induced expression of a new functional AAA-ATPase (FsA1) is correlated with the onset of germination in Fagus sylvatica L. seeds (beechnuts). Plant and Cell Physiology 43, 27–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathur, D.D., Couvillon, G.A., Vines, H.M. and Hendershott, C.H. (1971) Stratification effects on endogenous gibberellic acid (GA) in peach seeds. HortScience 6, 538–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehanna, H.T., Martin, G.C. and Nishijima, C. (1985) Effects of temperature, chemical treatments and endogenous hormone content on peach seed germination and subsequent seedling growth. Scientia Horticulturae 27, 63–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mortensen, L.C., Rodríguez, D., Nicolás, G., Eriksen, E.N. and Nicolás, C. (2004) Decline in a seed-specific abscisic acid-responsive glycine-rich protein (GRPF1) mRNA may reflect the release of seed dormancy in Fagus sylvatica during moist prechilling. Seed Science Research 14, 27–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakayama, M., Koshioka, M., Matsui, H., Ohara, H., Mander, L.N., Leitch, S.K., Twitchin, B., Kraft-Klaunzer, P., Pharis, R.P. and Yokota, T. (2001) Endogenous gibberellins in immature seeds of Prunus persica L.: identification of GA118, GA119, GA120, GA121, GA122 and GA126. Phytochemistry 57, 749–758.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Naylor, R.E.L. (1981) An evaluation of various germination indices for predicting differences in seed vigour in Italian ryegrass. Seed Science and Technology 9, 593–600.Google Scholar
Nicolás, C., Nicolás, G. and Rodríguez, D. (1996) Antagonistic effects of abscisic acid and gibberellic acid on the breaking of dormancy of Fagus sylvatica seeds. Physiologia Plantarum 96, 244–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nikolaeva, M.G. (1977) Factors controlling the seed dormancy pattern. pp. 51–74 in Khan, A.A. (Ed.) The physiology and biochemistry of seed dormancy and germination. Amsterdam, North-Holland.Google Scholar
Ogawa, M., Hanada, A., Yamauchi, Y., Kuwahara, A., Kamiya, Y. and Yamaguchi, S. (2003) Gibberellin biosynthesis and response during Arabidopsis seed germination. Plant Cell 15, 1591–1604.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinfield, N.J., Stutchbury, P.A. and Bazaid, S.M. (1987) Seed dormancy in Acer: is there a common mechanism for all Acer species and what part is played in it by abscisic acid? Physiologia Plantarum 71, 365–371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinfield, N.J., Stutchbury, P.A., Bazaid, S.A. and Gwarazimba, V.E.E. (1989) Seed dormancy in Acer: the relationship between seed dormancy, embryo dormancy and abscisic acid in Acer platanoides L. Journal of Plant Physiology 135, 313–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powell, L.E. (1987) The hormonal control of bud and seed dormancy in woody plants. pp. 539–552 in Davies, P.J. (Ed.) Plant hormones and their role in plant growth and development. Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhof Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute (2004) The SAS system for Microsoft Windows. Cary, North Carolina, SAS Institute Inc.Google Scholar
Schopmeyer, C.S. (1974) Seeds of woody plants in the United States. Agriculture Handbook No. 450. Washington, DC, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service.Google Scholar
Suszka, B., Muller, C. and Bonnet-Masimbert, M. (1996) Seeds of broadleaves from harvest to sowing. Paris, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA).Google Scholar
Tukey, H.B. and Barrett, M.S. (1936) Approximate germination test for non-after-ripened peach seed. Plant Physiology 11, 629–633.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, B.S.P. (1987) The beneficial effects of stratification on germination of tree seeds. pp. 56–75in Proceedings, nurserymen's meeting, Dryden, Ontario, 15–19 June. Toronto, Ministry of Natural Resources.Google Scholar
Wang, B.S.P. and Berjak, P. (2000) Beneficial effects of moist chilling on the seeds of black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.). Annals of Botany 86, 29–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, P.M., Bradbeer, J.W., Gaskin, P. and MacMillan, J. (1974) Studies in seed dormancy. VIII. The identification and determination of gibberellins A1 and A9 in seeds of Corylus avellana L. Planta 117, 101–108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xu, N. and Bewley, J.D. (1995) The role of abscisic acid in germination, storage protein synthesis and desiccation tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeds, as shown by inhibition of its synthesis by fluridone during development. Journal of Experimental Botany 46, 687–694.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamauchi, Y., Ogawa, M., Kuwahara, A., Hanada, A., Kamiya, Y. and Yamaguchi, S. (2004) Activation of gibberellin biosynthesis and response pathways by low temperature during imbibition of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Plant Cell 16, 367–378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zielinski, Q.B. (1958) Some factors affecting seed germination in sweet cherries. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticulture Science 72, 123–128.Google Scholar