Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T08:09:22.782Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cell cycle and germination of fresh, dried and deteriorated sugarbeet seeds as indicators of optimal harvest time

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2007

Elwira Śliwińska
Elwira Śliwińska*
Affiliation:
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Technology and Agriculture, Kaliskiego St. 7, 85–789 Bydgoszcz, Poland
*
*Correspondence Fax: +48 523408722, Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Seeds of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) were collected at weekly intervals from 3 weeks before to 1 week after commercial harvest time, dried and stored at room temperature (18–22°C). Laboratory germination tests and flow cytometric analyses were performed immediately after harvest (fresh seeds) and five times at weekly intervals during storage (dry seeds). After 6 months of storage, seeds were exposed to a controlled deterioration treatment (CD). The proportion of G2 nuclei in the embryo was constant in the fresh seeds, regardless of their maturity. It decreased, however, after drying and CD, especially in those seeds harvested before maturation drying had commenced. The proportion of endosperm cells in the seed decreased with maturation, and a further decrease was observed after drying and CD. These observations suggest that nuclei with a higher nuclear DNA content were more sensitive to water stress caused by premature desiccation and to deterioration than nuclei with a lower DNA content. Fresh seeds exhibited some germination, but this increased after drying, suggesting that desiccation induced a switch from the developmental to the germination mode. Germination percentages were the highest in dry seeds collected at the commercial harvest time and a week after. This high germinability coincided with the highest proportion of G2 cells in the embryo. It is concluded that flow cytometry provides information about the status of sugarbeet seed maturation, seed quality and storage potential, and can be used for estimation of optimal harvest time.

Keywords

Beta vulgariscontrolled deteriorationdesiccation toleranceDNA contentgerminationmaturation drying
Type
Research Article
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 13 , Issue 2 , June 2003 , pp. 131 - 138
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bewley, J.D. and Black, M. (1994) Seeds. Physiology of development and germination. (2nd edition). London, Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Bewley, J.D., Kermode, A.R. and Misra, S. (1989) Desiccation and minimal drying treatments of seeds of castor bean and Phaseolus vulgaris which terminate development and promote germination cause changes in protein and messenger RNA synthesis. Annals of Botany 63, 3–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bino, R.J., Lanteri, S., Verhoeven, H.A. and Kraak, H.L. (1993) Flow cytometric determination of nuclear replication stages in seed tissues. Annals of Botany 72, 181–187.Google Scholar
Corbineau, F., Picard, M.A., Fougereux, J.A., Ladonne, F. and Côme, D. (2000) Effects of dehydration conditions on desiccation tolerance of developing pea seeds as related to oligosaccharide content and cell membrane properties. Seed Science Research 10, 329–339.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, J. and Bewley, J.D. (1982) Desiccation of axes of Phaseolus vulgaris during development of a switch from a developmental pattern of protein synthesis to a germination pattern. Plant Physiology 70, 1224–1227.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, J., Bewley, J.D. and Yeung, E.C. (1982) Desiccation-tolerant and desiccation-intolerant stages during the development and germination of Phaseolus vulgaris seeds. Journal of Experimental Botany 33, 1045–1057.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deltour, R. (1985) Nuclear activation during early germination of the higher plant embryo. Journal of Cell Science 75, 43–83.Google Scholar
Durrant, M.J. and Loads, A.H. (1990) Some changes in sugar-beet seeds during maturation and after density grading. Seed Science and Technology 18, 11–21.Google Scholar
Galbraith, D.W., Harkins, K.R., Maddox, J.M., Ayres, N.M., Sharma, D.P. and Firoozabady, E. (1983) Rapid flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle in intact plant tissues. Science 220, 1049–1051.Google Scholar
Golovina, E.A., Hoekstra, F.A. and Van Aelst, A.C. (2001) The competence to acquire cellular desiccation tolerance is independent of seed morphological development. Journal of Experimental Botany 52, 1015–1027.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grimwade, J.A., Grierson, D. and Whittington, W.J. (1987) The effect of differences in time to maturity on the quality of seed produced by different varieties of sugar beet. Seed Science and Technology 15, 135–145.Google Scholar
ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) (1985) International rules for seed testing. Seed Science and Technology 13, 322–513.Google Scholar
ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) (1995) Handbook of vigour test methods. Zurich, The International Seed Testing Association.Google Scholar
Jassem, M., Śliwińska, E. and Zornow, A. (1993) The influence of substrate moisture on germination capacity of sugar-beet seeds. Seed Science and Technology 21, 203–211.Google Scholar
Kermode, A.R., Oishi, M.Y. and Bewley, J.D. (1989) Regulatory roles for desiccation and abscisic acid in seed development: a comparison of the evidence from whole seeds and isolated embryos. Crop Science Society of America (Special Publication) 14, 23–50.Google Scholar
Lanteri, S., Nada, E., Belletti, P., Quagliotti, L. and Bino, R.J. (1996) Effects of controlled deterioration and osmoconditioning on germination and nuclear replication in seeds of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Annals of Botany 77, 591–597.Google Scholar
McFarlane, J.S. (1975) Factors affecting sugarbeet seed germination in North America. Journal of the International Institute for Sugar Beet Research 7, 1–9.Google Scholar
Portis, E., Marzachi, C., Quagliotti, L. and Lanteri, S. (1999) Molecular and physiological markers during seed development of peppers (Capsicum annuum L.): DNA replication and β-tubulin synthesis. Seed Science Research 9, 85–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powell, A.A., Yule, L.J., Jing, H.C., Groot, S.P.C., Bino, R.J. and Pritchard, H.W. (2000) The influence of aerated hydration seed treatment on seed longevity as assessed by the viability equations. Journal of Experimental Botany 51, 2031–2043.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Śliwińska, E. (1998) Cell cycle activity during development of sugar beet seed. pp. 51–59. in Maluszyńska, J. (Ed.) Plant cytogenetics. Katowice, Silesian University Publishers (Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Śląskiego 1696).Google Scholar
Śliwińska, E. (2000) Analysis of the cell cycle in sugarbeet seed during development, maturation and germination. pp. 133–139. in Black, M.;Bradford, K.J.;Vázquez-Ramos, J., (Eds) Seed biology: Advances and applications. Wallingford, CABI Publishing.Google Scholar
Śliwińska, E., Jing, H.C., Job, C., Job, D., Bergervoet, J.H.W., Bino, R.J. and Groot, S.P.C. (1999) Effect of harvest time and soaking treatment on cell cycle activity in sugar-beet seeds. Seed Science Research 9, 91–99.Google Scholar
TeKrony, D.M. (1969) Seed development and germination of monogerm sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) as affected by maturity. Ph.D. thesis, Oregon State University.Google Scholar
TeKrony, D.M. and Hardin, E.E. (1969) The problem of underdeveloped seeds occurring in monogerm sugarbeets. Journal of the American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists 15, 625–639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Pijlen, J.G., Groot, S.P.C., Kraak, H.L., Bergervoet, J.H.W. and Bino, R.J. (1996) Effects of pre-storage hydration treatments on germination performance, moisture content, DNA synthesis and controlled deterioration tolerance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seeds. Seed Science Research 6, 57–63.Google Scholar